The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology

Meineke, Emily K.; Davis, Charles C.; Davies, T. Jonathan

doi:10.1101/218776

Cited by 40 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 133 publications

(159 reference statements)

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“…In addition, equivalent data from herbarium specimens on plant-pollinator interactions (e.g., from pollen preserved in specimens; Pauw & Hawkins, 2011) and plant-pathogen interactions (e.g., from pathogen DNA or morphology; Antonovics, Hood, Thrall, Abrams, & Duthie, 2003) may be used to further tailor land management strategies to changing environmental conditions. However, data from herbaria present challenges that require careful consideration (e.g., see Meyer, Weigelt, & Kreft, 2016;Daru et al, 2018;Meineke et al, 2018). The spatial resolution of older specimens is coarse and, in our data, limited to the county level within the US.…”

Section: Benefits and Drawbacks Of Museum Specimens For Characterizmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We scored herbivory by overlaying a grid of 5 cm by 5 cm cells, and scoring presence (1) or absence (0) of damage in five randomly selected grid cells, ensuring that selected cells had at least onefourth leaf cover (Meineke, Davis, & Davies, 2018). We focused on "chewing"-leaf removal by herbivores with mandibles, likely including Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths), Coleoptera (beetles), and Orthoptera (grasshoppers and their relatives)-because it was the most common type of herbivory on specimens and is the subject of most ecological studies on herbivory (Turcotte et al, 2014).…”

Section: Quantifying Herbivory On Herbarium Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Field warming experiments are also typically short-term and often address effects on herbivores rather than herbivory (but for one exception, see Jamieson, Schwartzberg, Raffa, Reich, & Lindroth, 2015). We suggest that data from herbarium specimens may provide opportunities to assess herbivory across unprecedented temporal, spatial, and phylogenetic scales (for a more detailed discussion of herbarium data for studying global change, see Meineke et al, 2018). In addition, equivalent data from herbarium specimens on plant-pollinator interactions (e.g., from pollen preserved in specimens; Pauw & Hawkins, 2011) and plant-pathogen interactions (e.g., from pathogen DNA or morphology; Antonovics, Hood, Thrall, Abrams, & Duthie, 2003) may be used to further tailor land management strategies to changing environmental conditions.…”

Section: Benefits and Drawbacks Of Museum Specimens For Characterizmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

et al. 2018

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Predicting how ecological interactions will respond to global change is a major challenge. Plants and their associated insect herbivores compose much of macroscopic diversity, yet how their interactions have been altered by recent environmental change remains underexplored. To address this gap, we quantified herbivory on herbarium specimens of four plant species with records extending back 112 years. Our study focused on the northeastern US, where temperatures have increased rapidly over the last few decades. This region also represents a range of urban development, a form of global change that has shown variable effects on herbivores in the past studies. Herbarium specimens collected in the early 2000s were 23% more likely to be damaged by herbivores than those collected in the early 1900s. Herbivory was greater following warmer winters and at low latitudes, suggesting that climate warming may drive increasing insect damage over time. In contrast, human population densities were negatively associated with herbivore damage. To explore whether changes in insect occurrence or abundance might explain shifts in herbivory, we used insect observational records to build climate occupancy models for lepidopteran herbivores (butterflies and moths) of our focal plant species. These models show that higher winter temperatures were associated with higher probability of insect herbivore presence, while urbanization was associated with reduced probability of herbivore presence, supporting a link between insect herbivore occurrence and herbivory mediated through environment. Synthesis. Using a temporal record of plant herbivory that spans over a century, we show that both temperature and urbanization influence insect damage to plants, but in very different ways. Our results indicate that damage to plants by insect herbivores will likely continue to increase through time in the northeastern US as global temperatures rise, but that urbanization may disrupt local effects of winter warming on herbivory by excluding certain herbivores. These changes may scale to shape ecosystem processes that are driven by herbivory, including plant productivity.

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Section: Benefits and Drawbacks Of Museum Specimens For Characterizmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Quantifying Herbivory On Herbarium Specimensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Benefits and Drawbacks Of Museum Specimens For Characterizmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

et al. 2018

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“…These plant specimens provide crucial data for the study of plant diversity, ecology, evolution, genetics, and biodiversity, to name only a few (Graham et al, 2004). When herbarium specimens are "digitized"-converted into a digital format by imaging and transcription of label data-they have even greater potential for answering major research questions related to the recent impact of humanity on biodiversity (Davis et al, 2015;Soltis, 2017;James et al, 2018;Meineke et al, 2018;Soltis et al, 2018). These millions of herbarium records have accumulated a valuable heritage and knowledge of plants over centuries, across all continents.…”

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Toward a large‐scale and deep phenological stage annotation of herbarium specimens: Case studies from temperate, tropical, and equatorial floras

et al. 2019

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Premise of the Study Phenological annotation models computed on large‐scale herbarium data sets were developed and tested in this study. Methods Herbarium specimens represent a significant resource with which to study plant phenology. Nevertheless, phenological annotation of herbarium specimens is time‐consuming, requires substantial human investment, and is difficult to mobilize at large taxonomic scales. We created and evaluated new methods based on deep learning techniques to automate annotation of phenological stages and tested these methods on four herbarium data sets representing temperate, tropical, and equatorial American floras. Results Deep learning allowed correct detection of fertile material with an accuracy of 96.3%. Accuracy was slightly decreased for finer‐scale information (84.3% for flower and 80.5% for fruit detection). Discussion The method described has the potential to allow fine‐grained phenological annotation of herbarium specimens at large ecological scales. Deeper investigation regarding the taxonomic scalability of this approach is needed.

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“…A critical bias in long-term phenology data is that they are available primarily for temperate regions and only in rare cases for the tropics, where most plant diversity occurs. One potential way to overcome the constraints of long-term field observational data on phenophases is by using historical records in herbaria and museums (Davis et al, 2015;Meineke et al, 2018aMeineke et al, , 2019. Although such records have not necessarily been collected expressly for phenological investigations, and therefore present their own biases (Daru et al, 2018;Panchen et al, 2019), a significant body of literature now exists in which historical records have potential for investigating climaterelated phenological trends across plant species (Primack et al, 2004;Bolmgren and Lonnberg, 2005;Coleman and Brawley, 2005;Lavoie and Lachance, 2006;Miller-Rushing et al, 2006;Bowers, 2007;Houle, 2007;Kauserud et al, 2008;Gallagher et al, 2009;Neil et al, 2010;Park and Mazer, 2018).…”

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Temperature controls phenology in continuously flowering Protea species of subtropical Africa

et al. 2019

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Premise of the Study Herbarium specimens are increasingly used as records of plant flowering phenology. However, most herbarium‐based studies on plant phenology focus on taxa from temperate regions. Here, we explore flowering phenologic responses to climate in the subtropical plant genus Protea (Proteaceae), an iconic group of plants that flower year‐round and are endemic to subtropical Africa. Methods We present a novel, circular sliding window approach to investigate phenological patterns developed for species with year‐round flowering. We employ our method to evaluate the extent to which site‐to‐site and year‐to‐year variation in temperature and precipitation affect flowering dates using a database of 1727 herbarium records of 25 Protea species. We also explore phylogenetic conservatism in flowering phenology. Results We show that herbarium data combined with our sliding window approach successfully captured independently reported flowering phenology patterns ( r = 0.93). Both warmer sites and warmer years were associated with earlier flowering of 3–5 days/°C, whereas precipitation variation had no significant effect on flowering phenology. Although species vary widely in phenological responsiveness, responses are phylogenetically conserved, with closely related species tending to shift flowering similarly with increasing temperature. Discussion Our results point to climate‐responsive phenology for this important plant genus and indicate that the subtropical, aseasonally flowering genus Protea has temperature‐driven flowering responses that are remarkably similar to those of better‐studied northern temperate plant species, suggesting a generality across biomes that has not been described elsewhere.

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The unrealized potential of herbaria for global change biology

Abstract: 3Plant and fungal specimens in herbaria are becoming primary resources for investigating how inferences across spatial, temporal, and phylogenetic dimensions. However, these specimens

Cited by 40 publications

References 133 publications

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

Herbarium specimens reveal increasing herbivory over the past century

Toward a large‐scale and deep phenological stage annotation of herbarium specimens: Case studies from temperate, tropical, and equatorial floras

Temperature controls phenology in continuously flowering Protea species of subtropical Africa

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