The Upper Triassic Polzberg palaeobiota from a marine Konservat-Lagerstätte deposited during the Carnian Pluvial Episode in Austria

Abstract

A rich assemblage of various marine taxa from the lower Carnian Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte near Lunz am See (Northern Calcareous Alps, Lower Austria) is described for the first time in detail. The fossiliferous layers were deposited during the Julian 2 Ib (Austrotrachyceras austriacum Zone, Austrotrachyceras minor biohorizon). The fine-laminated Reingraben Shales comprise abundant and well-preserved members of the marine Carnian food chain. Invertebrates with the bivalve Halobia, the ammonite Austrotrachyceras and the coleoid Phragmoteuthis dominate over vertebrate actinopterygian fishes. Fragile groups such as polychaetes and isopods are entirely preserved as soft body fossils. The diverse assemblage comprises ammonites (Austrotrachyceras, Carnites, Sageceras, Simonyceras), coleoids (Phragmoteuthis, Lunzoteuthis), bivalves (Halobia), gastropods (caenogastropods/heterobranchs), one echinoid, thylacocephalan arthropods (Austriocaris), crustaceans (the decapod Platychela and isopods such as Obtusotelson, Discosalaputium), polychaetes (Palaeoaphrodite sp., eunicid polychaete), acytinopterygians (Saurichthys, Polzbergia, Peltopleurus, Habroichthys), cartilaginous fishes (Acrodus), coelacanth fish (“Coelacanthus”), a lungfish (Tellerodus), and a conodont cluster (Mosherella). Regurgitalites produced by large durophagous fish and coprolites produced by piscivorous actinopterygians accompany the Polzberg palaeobiota along with rare plant remains (Voltzia). The entire fauna of Polzberg and the excellent preservation of the specimens present a window into the Upper Triassic assemblage and palaeoenvironment during the so-called Carnian Pluvial Episode (CPE) in the early Mesozoic. The occurrence of the freshwater lungfish Tellerodus and the branchiopod Eustheria, a member of brackish to freshwater environments, points to the influence of occasional freshwater pulses or sediment transport events on the marine environment. The Polzberg palaeobiota was deposited during the global CPE, triggering the environmental conditions of the Polzberg Basin and resulting in the formation of the Reingraben Shales with the Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte.

Mineralized belemnoid cephalic cartilage from the late Triassic Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte (Austria)

“…com. 2012; 25 , 26 ] but this contribution is the first to provide detailed evidence. In the present paper we describe the fossil structures from the Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte in detail and homologize them to structures in modern coleoids.…”

Mineralized coleoid cranial cartilage from the Late Triassic Polzberg Konservat-Lagerstätte (Austria)

“…It is accessible from the north over Erlauftal street 25, then Zellerrain street 71 or from the south via Mariazell over the Zellerrain street 71. The exact GPS position is N 47°53'5.90'' and E 15° 4'27.70'' (see also [17]; 712 m above sea level). Figure 1.…”

“…2A) was first mentioned by [45]. Further historical adits for the recovery of fossil specimens were dug in 1885 (Geological Survey of Austria, GBA) and in 1909 (Natural History Museum Vienna, NHMW) by Joseph Haberfelner [17] and references therein at approx. GPS 47°53'6.20"N, 15° 4'28.30"E (710 m a.s.l.…”

“…The paleontological site Polzberg has been known for almost 150 years and was reported synonymously under various names such as Unter Polzberg, Pölzberg, Polzberg-Graben, Schindelberggraben and Polzberg [16,17,44] and references therein. In early collections, material from deposits of the Reingraben Shales was not separated from the Lunz Formation, and analogous specimens from the Polzberg locality were often designated as Lunz locality [17, 44].…”

“…The paleontological site Polzberg has been known for almost 150 years and was reported synonymously under various names such as Unter Polzberg, Pölzberg, Polzberg-Graben, Schindelberggraben and Polzberg [16,17,44] and references therein. In early collections, material from deposits of the Reingraben Shales was not separated from the Lunz Formation, and analogous specimens from the Polzberg locality were often designated as Lunz locality [17, 44]. The fossil site is located 4.5 km north-east of Lunz am See, on the western slope of mount Schindelberg (= mount Schindlberg, 1066 m), within the Reifling basin and belongs to the Bajuvaric Lunz Nappe System of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Fig.…”