The upside-down water collection system of Syntrichia caninervis

Pan, Zhao; Pitt, William G.; Zhang, Yuan Ming; Wu, Nan; Tao, Ye; Truscott, Tadd

doi:10.1038/nplants.2016.76

Cited by 162 publications

(129 citation statements)

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“…Our observations of a gradual decrease in the total BC and BR across the grazing gradient regardless of aridity conditions are similar to those reported by Concostrina-Zubiri et al (2014) and Eldridge et al (2015), who found a reduction in BC across grazing gradients in drylands of Mexico and Australia, respectively. And mosses can recover from trampling by sheep relatively fast if damage is only partial because, as poikilohydric organisms, they have developed specialized leaf structures to collect water from many available sources (Pan et al, 2016). At HG conditions we observed a high relative abundance of LI, and even a positive effect of HG conditions on lichens in this site.…”

Section: Grazing Interacts With Aridity To Determine Biocrust Biomamentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Crustose and squamulose morphologies, such as those found in this site, can provide lichens with partial resistance to mechanical impact (Concostrina-Zubiri et al, 2014;Jiménez Aguilar et al, 2009). And mosses can recover from trampling by sheep relatively fast if damage is only partial because, as poikilohydric organisms, they have developed specialized leaf structures to collect water from many available sources (Pan et al, 2016). LI and MS present higher chl a contents by surface unit than cyanobacteria-dominated biocrusts (Lan et al, 2012).…”

Section: Grazing Interacts With Aridity To Determine Biocrust Biomamentioning

confidence: 85%

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Grazing pressure interacts with aridity to determine the development and diversity of biological soil crusts in Patagonian rangelands

et al. 2019

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Grazing is directly related to land degradation and desertification in global drylands.Grazing impacts on vascular plants, reasonably well-known, depend on its intensity and are modulated by local aridity conditions. However, we do not know how the interplay of grazing intensity and aridity affect biocrusts, topsoil assemblages dominated by cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses that provide key ecosystem services in drylands. Here, we determined how grazing affects biomass, total cover, and richness of biocrust structural types across a regional aridity gradient in the Patagonian steppe. On average, grazing by sheep reduced biocrust biomass, total cover and richness of structural types by 55, 90, and 59%, respectively. In general, high grazing pressures had a larger impact on biocrusts than moderate or light grazing pressures.For example, biocrust cover was reduced by 85, 89, and 98% by light, moderate, and high grazing pressures, respectively. Although a slightly different response to grazing was observed under low aridity conditions, these more benign climatic conditions did not compensate for the negative effects of trampling by domestic animals on biocrusts.Nonetheless, estimated biocrust recovery rates under medium aridity conditions were faster than previously thought: it took 24, 18, and 58 years to double biocrust biomass, total cover, and richness of structural types. Sheep cannot be just removed in Patagonian rangelands because the production of meat and wool represents the main local economic activity. But landowners must consider our results to protect the ecosystem functions and services provided by biocrusts for future generations to come. K E Y W O R D Saridity, biocrusts, grazing intensity, Patagonian steppe, recovery rates

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Section: Grazing Interacts With Aridity To Determine Biocrust Biomamentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Grazing Interacts With Aridity To Determine Biocrust Biomamentioning

confidence: 85%

Grazing pressure interacts with aridity to determine the development and diversity of biological soil crusts in Patagonian rangelands

et al. 2019

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“…Thus, dramatic mortality of this common moss, which is one of the most abundant desert mosses in the world16, was observed with both increased temperature and altered precipitation treatments. Significant responses due to warming and watering + warming were also seen in reduced cover of the dominant lichens ( Collema tenax and Collema coccophorum )9.…”

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confidence: 99%

Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts

Rutherford

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Ferrenberg

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

100

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Drylands represent the planet’s largest terrestrial biome and evidence suggests these landscapes have large potential for creating feedbacks to future climate. Recent studies also indicate that dryland ecosystems are responding markedly to climate change. Biological soil crusts (biocrusts) ‒ soil surface communities of lichens, mosses, and/or cyanobacteria ‒ comprise up to 70% of dryland cover and help govern fundamental ecosystem functions, including soil stabilization and carbon uptake. Drylands are expected to experience significant changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, and such alterations may impact biocrust communities by promoting rapid mortality of foundational species. In turn, biocrust community shifts affect land surface cover and roughness—changes that can dramatically alter albedo. We tested this hypothesis in a full-factorial warming (+4 °C above ambient) and altered precipitation (increased frequency of 1.2 mm monsoon-type watering events) experiment on the Colorado Plateau, USA. We quantified changes in shortwave albedo via multi-angle, solar-reflectance measurements. Warming and watering treatments each led to large increases in albedo (>30%). This increase was driven by biophysical factors related to treatment effects on cyanobacteria cover and soil surface roughness following treatment-induced moss and lichen mortality. A rise in dryland surface albedo may represent a previously unidentified feedback to future climate.

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“…After a period, more water was appeared in the nanogrooves and eventually filled the microgrooves (Figure d–f). Moreover, based on further ESEM observations, they also revealed the mechanisms of water collection from limited water sources and transportation on the mosses, and presented the physics‐based evidence of how bryophytes adapt to scarce water environments by efficiently using their small structures …”

Section: Recent Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Recent Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of ESEM on Materials Science: Recent Updates and a Look Forward

et al. 2019

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The microscopic understanding of materials relies on the development of microscopy. Historically, the technological evolution from optical microscopes to electron microscopes has directly stimulated many discoveries of new physical and chemical fundamentals as well as advanced materials. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is, undoubtedly, the most widely used tool for microscopic characterization in modern materials science. Especially, the incorporation of a gas pressure around the sample area of conventional SEM, i.e., the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), has opened new possibilities in observing samples in their natural states, leading to unprecedented chances for studying the details of biological, organic, and hydrated samples. What is more, in recent years, in situ ESEM studies concerning materials change and chemical reactions have played a more important role in the field of materials science. Herein, the recent applications of ESEM in materials science are comprehensively reviewed, in terms of common static observations for various materials and in situ investigations of dynamic processes in controlled experimental environments. Moreover, the problems concerning state‐of‐the‐art ESEM experiments are discussed, as well as possible solutions. Looking forward, the rapid developments on instrumentation and fundamental science of ESEM can bring a clear vision of materials in the near future.

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The upside-down water collection system of Syntrichia caninervis

Abstract: Researchers have revealed minuscule features on the leaves of a common desert plant that allow it to collect water from moist air. © 2 0 1 6 M a c m i l l a n P u b l i s h e r s L i m i t e d. A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

Cited by 162 publications

References 23 publications

Grazing pressure interacts with aridity to determine the development and diversity of biological soil crusts in Patagonian rangelands

Grazing pressure interacts with aridity to determine the development and diversity of biological soil crusts in Patagonian rangelands

Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts

Applications of ESEM on Materials Science: Recent Updates and a Look Forward

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