The uptake of d-glutamic acid by Mycobacterium avium

Yabu, Kunihiko

doi:10.1016/0005-2736(67)90026-0

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The uptake of Daspartic acid is markedly inhibited by dicarboxylic L-amino acids but not by neutral amino acids. This inhibition pattern resembles closely the results obtained with D-glutamic acid (unpublished data), and those in Mycobacterium aviurn [16]. In addition, the inhibition pattern of Laspartic acid uptake by several amino acids is somewhat similar to that of L-glutamic acid uptake in the previous paper [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Aspartic Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Yabu

1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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L-Aspartic acid was taken up by Mycobacterium smegmatis cells at a greater rate than D-aspartic acid. Kinetic studies of L-aspartic acid uptake revealed a curvilinear Lineweaver-Burk plot. The observed kinetics could be accounted for by the existence oftwo different processes, a saturable and a nonsaturable. In contrast, the latter process was solely active for D-aspartic acid uptake. Competition studies indicated that aspartic acid and glutamic acid were similarly affected by the operation of 2 different processes. The existence of 2 similar catalytic transport processes, specific for dicarboxylic amino acids, was discussed.In the previous paper [17], the transport of D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, and D-valine in Mycobacteriuin smegmatis was compared quantitatively with that of their L-isomers. It was found that for these amino acids the transport of the L-isomers exceeded that of the D-isomers. In addition, evidence for the existence of 2 kinetically different transport processes for these amino acids was presented. One of these 2 processes displayed saturation kinetics characteristic of an enzyme reaction that is assumed to reflect the involvement of permease [6], and the other exhibited linear, nonsaturation kinetics which was sensitive to sulfhydrylblocking agents and showed competition among several amino acids. The present paper concerns the transport of D-and Laspartic acid in M. smegmatis ATCC 607 and the characterization of the nonsaturation process involved in the transport of Dand L-aspartic acid. MATERIALS AND METHODS

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Aspartic Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Yabu

1971

Japanese Journal of Microbiology

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“…It was shown early in seminal papers by Yabu that D-amino acids are taken up rapidly by mycobacteria while the L-forms are transported at a much lower rate (Yabu, 1967; Yabu, 1970; Yabu, 1971). These results can be attributed to the specificity of the inner membrane transporters for the natural form of amino acids.…”

Section: Transport Across the Inner Membranementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology of Mycobacteria

Cook

Berney

Gebhard

et al. 2009

Advances in Microbial Physiology

162

112

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a prototrophic, metabolically flexible bacterium that has achieved a spread in the human population that is unmatched by any other bacterial pathogen. The success of M. tuberculosis as a pathogen can be attributed to its extraordinary stealth and capacity to adapt to environmental changes throughout the course of infection. These changes include: nutrient deprivation, hypoxia, various exogenous stress conditions and, in the case of the pathogenic species, the intraphagosomal environment. Knowledge of the physiology of M. tuberculosis during this process has been limited by the slow growth of the bacterium in the laboratory and other technical problems such as cell aggregation. Advances in genomics and molecular methods to analyse the M. tuberculosis genome have revealed that adaptive changes are mediated by complex regulatory networks and signals, resulting in temporal gene expression coupled to metabolic and energetic changes. An important goal for bacterial physiologists will be to elucidate the physiology of M. tuberculosis during the transition between the diverse conditions encountered by M. tuberculosis. This review covers the growth of the mycobacterial cell and how environmental stimuli are sensed by this bacterium. Adaptation to different environments is described from the viewpoint of nutrient acquisition, energy generation and regulation. To gain quantitative understanding of mycobacterial physiology will require a systems biology approach and recent efforts in this area are discussed. “It is now 100 years since the first mycobacterium was isolated by Hansen (1874). Somewhat ironically, this was the leprosy bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae, which even today is still resisting all attempts to cultivate it in the laboratory. The tubercle bacillus, M. tuberculosis was not discovered until eight years later (Koch, 1882) and this has remained an object of intensive investigation ever since. The widespread interest in the mycobacteria of course stems from the diseases they cause and, lest it be imagined that tuberculosis is a disease which has now been largely conquered and that leprosy is of relatively rare occurrence, current estimates for the number of case of tuberculosis and leprosy in the world today are 20,000,000 and 11,000,000, respectively (Bechelli and Dominguez, 1972). The annual estimated mortality rate is equally dramatic, namely 3,000,000 (World Health Organization, 1974). Also causing unease is the continuing isolation from tubercular patients of strains already resistant to one or more chemotherapeutic agent”. C. Ratledge (1976).

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“…In the previous paper (27), evidence was presented indicating that the uptake of D-glutamic acid and that of L-glutamic acid by Mycobacterium avium differ with regard to the system by which external glutamic acid is taken up into the cell. The uptake of L-glutamic acid conforms to Michaelis-Menten kinetics.…”

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confidence: 99%

Amino Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Yabu

1970

J Bacteriol

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The transport of D-alanine, D-glutamic acid, and D-valine in Mycobacterium smegmatis was compared quantitatively with that of their L-isomers. It appeared that the uptake of D-alanine was mediated by an active process displaying saturation kinetics characteristic of enzyme function, whereas the uptake of D-glutamic acid was accomplished by a passive process showing diffusion kinetics. Both processes were involved in the uptake of L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, D-valine, and L-valine. D-Valine competed with L-valine for entry into the cell through a single active process. D-Alanine and L-alanine also utilized the same active process, but the D-isomer could not enter the cell through the passive process. The passive process exhibited characteristics of diffusion, but was sensitive to sulfhydryl-blocking reagents and showed competition among structurally related amino acids. These last findings suggested that the passive process is a facilitated diffusion.

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The uptake of d-glutamic acid by Mycobacterium avium

Cited by 11 publications

References 5 publications

Aspartic Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Aspartic Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

Physiology of Mycobacteria

Amino Acid Transport in Mycobacterium smegmatis

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