The uptake of dopamine and serotonin in rat brain during progesterone decline

Hackmann, Eva; Wirz‐Justice, Anna; Lichtsteiner, M.

doi:10.1007/bf00428689

Cited by 33 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For example, in women given estrogen and progesterone therapy, increased serotonin uptake has been noted (Cone, Davis, & Coy, 1981; Ladisich, 1977). Decreased serotonin uptake has been associated with depression in some cases (Baldessarini, 1986); thus it has been suggested that women experience depression during estrogen or progesterone withdrawal because serotonin uptake decreases with the withdrawal (Hackman, Wirz-Justice, & Lichtsteiner, 1972).…”

Section: Explanations For the Sex Differences In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.

Nolen–Hoeksema¹

1987

Psychological Bulletin

1,729

1,039

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A large body of evidence indicates that women are more likely than men to show unipolar depression. Five classes of explanations for these sex differences are examined and the evidence for each class is reviewed. Not one of these explanations adequately accounts for the magnitude of the sex differences in depression. Finally, a response set explanation for the sex differences in depression is proposed. According to this explanation, men are more likely to engage in distracting behaviors that dampen their mood when depressed, but women are more likely to amplify their moods by ruminating about their depressed states and the possible causes of these states. Regardless of the initial source of a depressive episode (i.e., biological or psychological) men's more active responses to their negative moods may be more adaptive on average than women's less active, more ruminative responses. The epidemiology of a disorder can provide important clues to its etiology. When a disorder only strikes persons from one geographical region, one social class, or one gender, we can ask what characteristics of the vulnerable group might be making its members vulnerable. A frequent finding in epidemiological studies of mental disorders is that women are more prone to unipolar affective disorders than are men (Boyd & Weissman, 1981; Weissman & Klerman, 1977). A number of different explanations have been proposed to account for women's greater vulnerability to depression. Previous reviews of these explanations (e.g., Weissman & Klerman, 1977) have been quite brief and uncritical. In this article, the evidence for sex differences in unipolar depression first is summarized, then the most prominent explanations proposed for these sex differences are discussed in detail. These explanations include those attributing the differences to the response biases of subjects, as well as biological, psychoanalytic, sex role, and learned helplessness explanations. Although most of the proposed explanations for sex differences in depression have received some empirical support, not one of them has been definitively supported and not one as yet accounts for the magnitude of sex differences in depression. In the final section of this article it is suggested that differences in the ways that men and women respond to their own depressive episodes, whatever the origin of these episodes, may be an important source of the sex differences observed in depression.

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Section: Explanations For the Sex Differences In Depressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.

Nolen–Hoeksema¹

1987

Psychological Bulletin

1,729

1,039

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“…With respect to the latter, estrogens have been reported to affect the activity of neurotransmitter metabolizingenzymes (Ball et al, 1972; McGinnis et al, 1980), and to regulate the release of catecholamines (Hackmann et al, 1973; Euvrard et al, 1979) or the activity of membrane receptors (KendaU et al, 1981; Hruska et al, 1982; Biegon et al, 1983). A number of investigations have revealed a sex-related difference of the effect of these hormones (Vaccari et al, 1977;Hong et al ., 1982; Shepard et al, 1982;Breedlove, 1983;Pen& et al, 1985).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Dimorphism in the Response of the GABAergic System to Estrogen Administration

Pérez

Zucchi

Maggi

1986

Journal of Neurochemistry

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Administration of estradiol benzoate to gonadectomized female rats results in up-regulation of CNS gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. The increase of [3H]muscimol binding activity is observed in six of the seven brain areas examined. The same treatment, performed in castrated male or androgenized female rats, induced an increase of [3H]muscimol binding only in the striatum. Evidence is provided suggesting that the dimorphic sensitivity of GABA receptor is not correlated with the difference in spontaneous motor activity reported between male and female rats.

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“…Progestational steroids have been reported to influence tyrosine hydroxylase activity in vitro (Beattie & Soyka, 1973), while oral contraceptives alter brain monoamine oxidase activity in rats in vivo (Marchi & Cugurra, 1974). Uptake/release mechanisms in various brain areas have also been reported to be sensitive to estrogen and progesterone in vitro (Hackmann, Wirz-Justice, & Lichtsteiner, 1973;Janowsky, Fann, & Davis, 1971;Nixon, Janowsky, & Davis, 1974;Wirz-Justice, Hackmann & Lichtsteiner, 1974). However, it is difficult to compare these data, since not only do the pharmacological dosages of hormones vary considerably (which may be a critical factor; Fuxe, Lofstrom, Agnati, Everitt, Hokfelt, Jonsson, & Wiesel, Note 1) but they occasionally have been present only in the incubation medium (e.g., Beattie & Soyka, 1973;Janowsky et al, 1971;Nixon et al, 1974) and may, therefore, produce different effects on the neuron than hormones in vivo.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of monoamines in the control of hormones of sexual receptivity in the female rat.

Everitt¹,

Fuxé²,

Ft³

et al. 1975

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

198

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The involvement of indole-and catecholamines in the hormonal regulation of sexual receptivity has been investigated in ovariectomized female rats. Drugs that reduce 5-hydroxytryptamine, dopamine, and adrenaline or increase noradrenaline neurotransmission tended to facilitate the occurrence of estrous behavior in estrogen-treated females, and drugs having opposite effects tended to inhibit receptivity induced by estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen decreased noradrenaline turnover in cortex and brain stem; progesterone enhanced this effect in brain stem but prevented it in cortex. Both hormones tended to block noradrenaline uptake in hypothalamus in vitro. In a schedule used to induce receptivity, estrogen accelerated serotonin turnover, an effect prevented by progesterone. Thus a number of monoamines may be involved in the control by hormones of estrous behavior. Furthermore, hormones affect both amine turnover and uptake mechanisms.

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The uptake of dopamine and serotonin in rat brain during progesterone decline

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.

Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.

Sexual Dimorphism in the Response of the GABAergic System to Estrogen Administration

Role of monoamines in the control of hormones of sexual receptivity in the female rat.

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