The Uptake of Labelled Thymidine by Leucocytes of Nickel Sensitive Patients

Macleod, Tom; Hutchinson, F.; Raffle, E. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.1970.tb02209.x

Cited by 36 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Pappas et al [55] also found nonspecific transformation in response to nickel acetate, similar to previous reports of the nonspecific mitogenic effects of mercury salts [56,57]. In contrast, Macleod et al [58] and others [59] found no significant thymidine uptake in controls, but significant uptake occurred in lymphocyte cultures from 7 of 12 nickel-sensitive patients (58%). Using nickel sulfate and nickel acetate as antigens, Gimenez-Camarasa et al [60] reported specific transformation in nickel-sensitive patients, with neither salt acting in a nonspecific capacity.…”

Section: Review Of Mechanism Of Lttsupporting

confidence: 64%

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Hostýnek

Reagan²,

Maibach

2002

Exog Dermatol

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This review evaluates the lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) as an in vitro alternative to the traditional patch testing. Patch test results require knowledge, practice and experience for correct biological and clinical interpretation, and in spite of long-term use, the method is fraught with technical and interpretative limitations. Nickel in particular is an allergen eliciting false-positive reactions in patch testing due to the irritancy of test materials; it is sometimes difficult to distinguish an irritant reaction from a true allergic response, and patients may need to be tested more than once. Also false-negative reactions can occur due to varying sensitivity of the patient. It therefore appears reasonable to search for a more objective, in vitro alternative; the LTT appears one procedure which gives relatively reliable results. Still, at this point this method can only be used in association with patch testing, and it has often given results inconsistent with the patch test.

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Section: Review Of Mechanism Of Lttsupporting

confidence: 64%

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Hostýnek

Reagan²,

Maibach

2002

Exog Dermatol

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“…In an attempt to develop a more sensitive and specific laboratory test to diagnose nickel ACD, several studies have been published on LPT with nickel acet, 9,11,14 chloride 6,7,12,24 and sulfate 8,10,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]28 since 1960.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5 Another diagnostic method mentioned in the literature but with varied and controversial results is the lymphocyte proliferation test -LPT. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients are placed in contact with nickel in LPT. If the patient is sensitive to nickel, the circulating memory lymphocytes are activated, synthesize DNA and split.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,7,9 Lymphocyte proliferative response was unspecific in cases and normal in controls, that is, nickel acted as a mitogen, stimulating the lymphocytes of sensitive patients as well as of non-sensitive controls. 6,9 Later, most studies were performed with nickel sulfate, 8,10,11,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] but there is no standardization in the literature about cell and nickel concentration used. False-positive results occur very often.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estudo da proliferação linfocitária em pacientes sensibilizados ao níquel

Sanchez¹,

Maruta

Sato

et al. 2005

An. Bras. Dermatol.

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BACKGROUND: The diagnosis of nickel sensitivity is made by epicutaneous patch testing. OBJECTIVE: To develop a more sensitive and specific test. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Nineteen patients with positive patch test reactions to nickel and 25 controls were submitted to lymphocyte proliferation test. Mononuclear cells were isolated from peripheral venous blood and cultivated in triplicate in culture plates (2x10 5 cells/well) with: culture medium only, nickel sulfate (156.25; 78.13; 19.53; 9.77 and 2.44µM) and optimal concentrations of Candida albicans antigen as well as pokeweed, phytohemagglutinin A and anti-CD3 antibody (OKT3) mitogens. Tritiated thymidine was added to plates, radioactivity incorporated by cells was measured and the results expressed by the stimulation index (SI). RESULTS: The lymphocyte proliferative response was higher in cases than in controls in all nickel concentrations tested. Considering positive test reactions when SI > 3, none of the controls and 16 (84.21%) cases were positive in at least one of five concentrations used. The proliferative responses to Candida albicans and mitogens were similar in cases and controls, demonstrating normal cellular immunity in both groups. CONCLUSION: The lymphocyte proliferation test is useful in diagnosis of nickel sensitivity. Keywords: Lymphocyte activation; Dermatitis, contact; Nickel. (156,25; 78,13; 19,53; 9,77 e 2,44µM) Resumo e concentrações ideais do antíge-no Candida albicans e dos mitógenos pokeweed, fito-hemaglutinina A e anticorpo anti-CD3 (OKT3). Timidina tritiada foi adicionada às placas, a radioatividade incorporada pelas células medida e os resultados expressos pelo índice de estimulação (IE). RESULTADOS: A resposta proliferativa dos linfócitos dos casos foi superior à dos controles em todas as con

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“…If this was the case, cellmediated immunity to cobalt and other metals might be demonstrable in vitro. Lymphocyte transformation has been shown in vitro with nickel (Macleod et al, 1970) and chromium (Tio, 1976) but further studies are clearly necessary using cobalt to clarify the situation still further. It seems from our findings that non-specific local tissue reaction is just as likely as metal sensitivity, to be the primary reason for loosening and sterile discharge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metal sensitivity in patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee.

Webley¹,

Kates²,

Snaith³

1978

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases

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SUMMARY Fifty patients who had received a hinge arthroplasty of the knee were investigated for possible metal sensitivity. Patients were patch tested against all the metal constituents of the prosthesis. Positive patch tests were found in 32% of patients. Seventeen patients had either loosening or a persistent sterile discharge from the knee. No correlation was found between these complications and metal sensitivity. It was concluded that metal sensitivity is probably not a primary factor in the pathogenesis of complications, particularly loosening.Patients who have metal on metal prostheses have been shown to have a raised incidence of metal sensitivity as demonstrated by patch tests (Benson et al., 1975;Elves et al., 1975). This has been suggested as a possible cause of loosening in these prostheses (Evans et al., 1974;Benson et al., 1975;Jones et al., 1975). Prosthetic joints shed a considerable number of metallic particles (Charoskey et al., 1973) and patients have elevated blood levels and a raised urinary excretion of cobalt (Coleman et al., 1973). If metal sensitivity were a primary event in the production of loosening or other complications such as sterile discharge, positive skin tests might be expected in these cases. Previous studies (Evans et al., 1974;Benson et al., 1975;Elves et al., 1975;Jones et al., 1975;Brown et al., 1977) have been mainly in hip replacements. We decided to investigate our patients who had received a hinge arthroplasty of the knee to determine the incidence of metal sensitivity and to assess whether any correlation existed with complications which had occurred. Patients and methodsFifty patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee either of the Walldius or Guepar type were studied. These prostheses were inserted between 1971 and 1975 and all patients who were able to attend in 1976 were investigated.Thirty-nine patients had rheumatoid arthritis and 11 had osteoarthrosis.Accepted for publication November 7, 1977 Correspondence to Dr M. Webley, Department of Rheumatology, Westminster Hospital, Horseferry Road, London SWIP 2AP Thirty-three control patients, with either rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthrosis, but without prostheses were also tested.The ages of the patients ranged from 44 to 76 years (mean 66) and the ages of the control group ranged from 47-76 years (mean 64).Thirty-eight of the patients were women and 12 were men. In the control group, 26 were women and 7 were men.A history of allergy was sought with particular reference to metals. An occupational history was also taken. Patients were patch tested using 'AL' test strips to which the allergens were applied. The test strips were placed on the the patients' backs and held in place with micropore tape.All the metal constituents of the prostheses were tested. These were cobalt chloride 2 %, nickel sulphate 5%, and potassium dichromate 0 5 % (obtained from the Trolle Lassen Laboratories, Hellerup, Denmark). Manganese 2 %, silicon 2 %, iron 2%, and molybdenum 1 %, made up in white paraffin. In addition, patients were...

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The Uptake of Labelled Thymidine by Leucocytes of Nickel Sensitive Patients

Cited by 36 publications

References 12 publications

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Diagnostic Testing for Nickel Allergic Hypersensitivity: Patch Testing versus Lymphocyte Transformation Test

Estudo da proliferação linfocitária em pacientes sensibilizados ao níquel

Metal sensitivity in patients with a hinge arthroplasty of the knee.

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