The uptake of strontium and cesium by plants from soil with special reference to the unusual cesium uptake by lowland rice and its mechanism

Tensho, Kiyoshi; Yeh, Ko-Ling; Mitsui, S.

doi:10.1080/00380768.1961.10430944

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In Japan, several studies of rice were done in the early years of widespread testing of nuclear weapons (Tensho et al 1959(Tensho et al , 1961a(Tensho et al , 1961b(Tensho et al , 1961c. Yonezawa and Mitsui (1965) and Tsumura et al (1984) reported that K fertilization was one of most effective countermeasures against radiocesium uptake by rice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium fertilizer and other materials as countermeasures to reduce radiocesium levels in rice: Results of urgent experiments in 2011 responding to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Kato

Kihou

Fujimura

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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Huge amounts of radionuclides, particularly radiocesium, were discharged from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP), and widespread of contamination of the land, including paddy fields, was observed. Because rice is a staple food in Japan, contamination of paddy fields is a serious problem, and practical countermeasures to reduce radiocesium contamination of rice are urgently required. Potassium (K) fertilization was previously shown to be an effective countermeasure in fields contaminated by the Chernobyl accident, but researchers did not study the effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.). In the present study, we performed urgent field experiments to test the use of K fertilization, as well as other soil amendments, to reduce radiocesium contamination of rice. We found that K fertilization was an effective and practical countermeasure to reduce radiocesium uptake by rice from several soil types in Japanese paddy rice culture. Other treatments, including the application of expanded vermiculite or manure, were effective, and the effect appears to be explained by their K content. Based on these results, the recommended level of exchangeable soil potassium to lower the radiocesium content of rice to acceptable levels is about 200 mg K kg -1 soil before the usual fertilization. This K fertilizer application criterion was applied in a wide, low-contaminated area from the 2012 cropping season, and satisfactory results have been obtained generally.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potassium fertilizer and other materials as countermeasures to reduce radiocesium levels in rice: Results of urgent experiments in 2011 responding to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Kato

Kihou

Fujimura

et al. 2015

Soil Science and Plant Nutrition

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“…But the ionic radius of the ammonium ion is similar to that for the cesium ion [10], ammonium exchanged, and released radiocesium from the soil. We found that the amount of radiocesium extracted by ammonium fertilizer increased the day after fertilization; therefore, soybean could absorb radiocesium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…We found that the amount of radiocesium extracted by ammonium fertilizer increased the day after fertilization; therefore, soybean could absorb radiocesium. In addition, the ammonium and cesium ions are both univalent cations, and ammonium has been found to restrict cesium absorption in the hydroponics [9][10][11]. This study was used by soil.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This occurred because it recently became clear that potassium fertilization was effective for reducing the radiocesium concentration in agricultural crops [8,9]. Nitrogen (N) has a large effect on crop growth, and some reports have suggested that it also promotes the radiocesium absorption [10,11]. However, few studies have examined how nitrogen contributes to the radiocesium absorption in soybean apart from potassium.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Radiocesium Absorption in Soybean

Nihei

Hirose

Mori

et al. 2016

Radiological Issues for Fukushima’s Revitalized Future

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Radioactive materials that were released during the nuclear accident contaminated the soil and agricultural products. It has become clear that potassium fertilization is effective for the reducing radiocesium concentrations in agricultural crops. However, apart from reports about potassium, few reports have examined how nitrogen (N), which has a large effect on crop growth, contributes to the radiocesium absorption. Focusing on this point, we studied the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the radiocesium absorption in soybean seedlings. The concentration of radiocesium in the seed of soybean was higher in nitrogen-fertilized plants than in plants grown without fertilizer. The radiocesium concentration in the aboveground biomass increased as the amount of nitrogen fertilization increased. A comparison of the effects of the different forms of nitrogen treatment shows that the highest radiocesium concentration in the aboveground biomass occurred with ammonium sulfate (approximately 3.7 times the non-N), the next highest absorption occurred with ammonium nitrate (approximately 2.4 times the non-N treatment), followed by calcium nitrate (approximately 2.2 times the non-N treatment). Furthermore, the amount of radiocesium in soil extracts was highest with ammonium-nitrogen fertilization. Further study is required to clarify the factors that incur an increase in radiocesium concentration in response to nitrogen fertilization. Special care is required to start farming soybean on fallow fields evacuated after the accident or on fields where rice has been grown before, which tend to have higher available nitrogen than the regularly cultivated fields.

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“…However, there were many samples with 25 Bq/kg or lower in these same areas in 2011; thus, there was a range of radiocesium concentration levels within rice in a given area. Hence, the actual spread of radiocesium was heterogeneous, and the exchangeable potassium content of the soil (Tensho et al 1961) and the soil type (Tsumura et al 1984), both of which affect the absorption rate of cesium by crops, were also heterogeneous. In addition, the radiocesium concentration levels in rice were lower in Area 2 (which was at the similar distance from the nuclear power plant as Area 1) and in Areas concentration level in the agricultural land was also low in Areas 6 and 7, which were more than 100 km away from the nuclear power plant to the west.…”

Section: Inspection Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice Inspections in Fukushima Prefecture

Nihei

2016

Agricultural Implications of the Fukushima Nuclear Accident

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We summarize the inspections of radiocesium concentration levels in rice produced in Fukushima Prefecture, Japan, for 3 years from the nuclear accident in 2011. In 2011, three types of verifications, preliminary survey, main inspection, and emergency survey, revealed that rice with radiocesium concentration levels over 500 Bq/kg (the provisional regulation level until March 2012 in Japan) was identified in the areas north and west of the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The internal exposure of an average adult eating rice grown in the area north of the nuclear plant was estimated as 0.05 mSv/year. In 2012, Fukushima Prefecture authorities decided to investigate the radiocesium concentration levels in all rice using custom-made belt conveyor testers. Notably, rice with radiocesium concentration levels over 100 Bq/kg (the new standard since April 2012 in Japan) were detected in only 71, 28 and 2 bags out of the total 10,338,000 in 2012, 11,001,000 in 2013 and 10,988,824 in 2014, respectively. We considered that there were almost no rice exceeding 100 Bq/kg produced in Fukushima Prefecture after 3 years from the nuclear accident, and the safety of Fukushima's rice were ensured because of the investigation of all rice.

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The uptake of strontium and cesium by plants from soil with special reference to the unusual cesium uptake by lowland rice and its mechanism

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Potassium fertilizer and other materials as countermeasures to reduce radiocesium levels in rice: Results of urgent experiments in 2011 responding to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Potassium fertilizer and other materials as countermeasures to reduce radiocesium levels in rice: Results of urgent experiments in 2011 responding to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilization on Radiocesium Absorption in Soybean

Rice Inspections in Fukushima Prefecture

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