The Urban Heat Island Effect at Fairbanks, Alaska

Magee, Nathan; Curtis, J. B.; Wendler, Gerd

doi:10.1007/s007040050109

Cited by 187 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…temperature anomalies for windy days and for calm days were then compared for each station. Figure 2 shows relative warming on calm nights at Fairbanks, Alaska, which is known to be affected by urban warming (Magee et al 1999). Of the 290 stations studied, only 13 showed significant relative warming of calm nights (appendix B).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Demonstration That Large-Scale Warming Is Not Urban

Parker

2006

Journal of Climate

133

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On the premise that urban heat islands are strongest in calm conditions but are largely absent in windy weather, daily minimum and maximum air temperatures for the period 1950-2000 at a worldwide selection of land stations are analyzed separately for windy and calm conditions, and the global and regional trends are compared. The trends in temperature are almost unaffected by this subsampling, indicating that urban development and other local or instrumental influences have contributed little overall to the observed warming trends. The trends of temperature averaged over the selected land stations worldwide are in close agreement with published trends based on much more complete networks, indicating that the smaller selection used here is sufficient for reliable sampling of global trends as well as interannual variations. A small tendency for windy days to have warmed more than other days in winter over Eurasia is the opposite of that expected from urbanization and is likely to be a consequence of atmospheric circulation changes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Demonstration That Large-Scale Warming Is Not Urban

Parker

2006

Journal of Climate

133

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“…where no buildings existed previously, was monitored by Landsberg and Maisel (1972), who reported that over a period of 3 years, a heat island of up to 4.5°C appeared as the newly established town of Columbia, Maryland grew to a population of 10 000 residents. Analyses of longterm temperature records in several locations -Turkey (Tayanc and Toros, 1997); Alaska (Magee et al, 1999); Athens (Philandras et al, 1999); South Korea (Choi et al, 2003); and North America (Engelhart and Douglas, 2003) -show an increase in the UHI effect paralleling increasing urbanisation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra‐urban differences in canopy layer air temperature at a mid‐latitude city

Erell

Williamson

2006

Intl Journal of Climatology

133

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Abstract:Detailed meteorological measurements were carried out in two urban street canyons in central Adelaide and at two reference sites in a suburban location and at an exposed site near the middle of the city for an extended period of nearly a year. The meteorological records revealed substantial differences between air temperature in the urban street canyons and both reference sites. The nocturnal urban heat island observed in most cities was noted in Adelaide street canyons, too. However, the frequent occurrence of a daytime cool island during summer, albeit much weaker than the night-time phenomenon, is less expected. Both phenomena are attributed at least in part to the increase in surface area participating in energy exchanges with the atmosphere in an urban street canyon compared to a typical rural site, and hence in an increase in the effective thermal mass. The presence of additional thermal mass is manifested not only in the dampening of the diurnal temperature range in the city, but also in a noticeable time lag in the maximum intensity of the daytime cool island. The measurements also demonstrate an observable difference in the daily progression of air temperature between a north-south street canyon and an adjacent east-west oriented street.

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“…varies little in the street when it is more than one meter from the walls or the road [2,3].In the literature, the UHI observation methods listed are based on: collecting statistics data of the temperature difference between orological stations [4,5,6]; tendency study of temperature for a meteorological station whose 7,8,9]; comparison of the temperature trend observed for several stations whose environment evolves differently [10]; observation by means of a network of fixed stations [11], observation f the urban heat island profile Numerous studies show that city centers that concentrate large quantities of buildings, economic activities and leave less space for vegetation and stretch of water are more affected by the UHI impacts [13].…”

Section: Cmss-2017mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Urban Canopy Layer (UCL) is the layer of air closest to the surface in cities, extending upwards to approximately the mean building height.See schematic representation at figure 1.Each UHI has its own unique features and the quantification of this phenomenon depends on the specific city. Several studies have subsequently demonstrated that the level temperature measurement at the streets did not matter because the air temperature MATEC Web of Conferences 149, 02090 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814902090 CMSS-2017 varies little in the street when it is more than one meter from the walls or the road [2,3].In the literature, observation methods listed are based on: collecting statistics data of the temperature difference between urban and rural meteorological stations [4,5,6]; t study of temperature for a meteorological station whose environment is urbanized [7,8,9]; comparison of the temperature trend observed for several stations whose environment evolves differently [10]; observation by means of a network of fixed stations [11], observation along a path using vehicle [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Urban Heat Island phenomenon modelling and analysis as an adaptation of Maghreb cities to climate change

et al. 2018

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Abstract:The modeling of the urban microclimate, in particular the phenomenon of the Urban Heat Island (UHI), is becoming increasingly essential for city planning and urban design. The phenomenon analysis is henceforth possible thanks to the increase in computational power, the link between simulation tools and urban databases, which allow to represent explicitly the characteristics of the urban microclimate and to better understand its effects, through the analysis and evaluation of the different impacts of the urban climatic or anthropogenic contributors (urban morphology, land use, building sites, albedo, ...). However, the choice of the scaleof the study depends on a balance between the precision of the modeling, the capacities of calculation and the availability and reliability of the data.The UHI phenomenon has been the subject of several research studies in the European countries since the 2000s. Thispaper focuses mainly on the description of the phenomenon, the different methodsused to evaluate and modeled its impacts, using some approaches for mitigating these ones.The contribution aims to highlight the phenomenon of the UHI based on a bibliographic study of the latest research on this topic in Maghreb cities.The state of art focuses on the progress made during the last 15 years taking into account the UHI in the different strategies for adapting cities to climate change and for improving their resilience.

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The Urban Heat Island Effect at Fairbanks, Alaska

Cited by 187 publications

References 6 publications

A Demonstration That Large-Scale Warming Is Not Urban

A Demonstration That Large-Scale Warming Is Not Urban

Intra‐urban differences in canopy layer air temperature at a mid‐latitude city

The Urban Heat Island phenomenon modelling and analysis as an adaptation of Maghreb cities to climate change

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