The Urban Heat Island Effect and the Role of Vegetation to Address the Negative Impacts of Local Climate Changes in a Small Brazilian City

Abstract

This study analyzes the influence of urban-geographical variables on determining heat islands and proposes a model to estimate and spatialize the maximum intensity of urban heat islands (UHI). Simulations of the UHI based on the increase of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), using multiple linear regression, in Iporá (Brazil) are also presented. The results showed that the UHI intensity of this small city tended to be lower than that of bigger cities. Urban geometry and vegetation (UI and NDVI) were the variables that contributed the most to explain the variability of the maximum UHI intensity. It was observed that areas located in valleys had lower thermal values, suggesting a cool island effect. With the increase in NDVI in the central area of a maximum UHI, there was a significant decrease in its intensity and size (a 45% area reduction). It is noteworthy that it was possible to spatialize the UHI to the whole urban area by using multiple linear regression, providing an analysis of the urban set from urban-geographical variables and thus performing prognostic simulations that can be adapted to other small tropical cities.

Surface Urban Heat Island in Middle City: Spatial and Temporal Characteristics

“…Surface varieties are largely responsible for creating a mosaic of microclimates. In addition to the artificialization of the urban environment, natural issues, such as topography, also establish a direct relationship in the creation of microclimates [6,9,12,35,69,70].…”

“…Currently, cities have increasingly aroused the interest of researchers for the quality of life in the urban environment. Concerns about climatic conditions of metropolises have led several scholars to conduct research on this theme [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9].…”

Morphological Indices as Urban Planning Tools in Northeastern Brazil

“…The authors in [5] demonstrate that the urbanization process affects climate at all scales. Several studies have shown strategies to minimize the impact of growth and of urban density on climate using urban planning as a tool to control land usage and coverage, as well as reduce the impact of the urbanization process [6][7][8]16,[22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. The relation between the urbanization process and climate is complex.…”

Morphological Indices as Urban Planning Tools in Northeastern Brazil

“…The authors in [5] demonstrate that the urbanization process affects climate at all scales. Several studies have shown strategies to minimize the impact of growth and of urban density on climate using urban planning as a tool to control land usage and coverage, as well as reduce the impact of the urbanization process [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”