The urban heat island effect, its causes, and mitigation, with reference to the thermal properties of asphalt concrete

Mohajerani, Abbas; Bakaric, Jason; Jeffrey-Bailey, Tristan

doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.03.095

Cited by 733 publications

(342 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The adverse health impacts of high temperatures on urban populations have been attributed to several factors [7,8,9]. Of those, the urban heat island (UHI) effect, which can be defined as a phenomenon where surface temperatures in urban areas are higher than surrounding rural areas [10,11,12], and heterogeneity in socioeconomic characteristics are noteworthy [9,13]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence

Odame

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Most epidemiological studies of high temperature effects on mortality have focused on urban settings, while heat-related health risks in rural areas remain underexplored. To date there has been no meta-analysis of epidemiologic literature concerning heat-related mortality in rural settings. This study aims to systematically review the current literature for assessing heat-related mortality risk among rural populations. We conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify articles published up to April 2018. Key selection criteria included study location, health endpoints, and study design. Fourteen studies conducted in rural areas in seven countries on four continents met the selection criteria, and eleven were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random effects model, the pooled estimates of relative risks (RRs) for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality were 1.030 (95% CI: 1.013, 1.048) and 1.111 (95% CI: 1.045, 1.181) per 1 °C increase in daily mean temperature, respectively. We found excess risks in rural settings not to be smaller than risks in urban settings. Our results suggest that rural populations, like urban populations, are also vulnerable to heat-related mortality. Further evaluation of heat-related mortality among rural populations is warranted to develop public health interventions in rural communities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence

Odame

Liu

Zheng

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…First of all, the calculation method does not include detailed analyses at the architectural level, focusing on single building locations or small green infrastructure solutions, like green roofs or green walls. Such detailed assessment is possible [38,47], however, it is not suitable to incorporate such assessment types into existing spatial decision support systems. Metronamica, which was used for the land use change projections, is predesigned for larger areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, such a solution would be less applicable in the practice of land use planners. The UHI effect is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by many factors (daily variation of UHI [51], used surface materials [38] or more complex sub-indicators [40] and so on). Due to the inter-domain character of indicator-based matrices used in supporting land use planning, there is a need to include one simple and easily understandable UHI factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the UHI phenomenon was first documented over a century ago, the effect of the UHI on the urban climate and environment has only been the focus of research for the last three decades [37]. As one of the key causes of the UHI is urbanization, urban sprawl, and population increase [38], there is a need to include it as a potential effect of urban development during the planning process. The UHI interacts in different scales, from the human body to city size [39] and therefore its impact should be analyzed using a more complex approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obviously, a heatwave presents a different mechanism, as it refers to a temporal, quick and significant increase in temperature. The UHI does not share the same rapid and dynamic changes, however, it does have an influence upon increases in the usage of heating and cooling systems [38,[43][44][45]. The UHI modelling is a complex matter due to the multi-factor characteristics of the phenomenon [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of a Decision Support System for Sustainable Urbanization and Thermal Comfort in Adaptation to Climate Change Actions—The Case of the Wrocław Larger Urban Zone (Poland)

Kazak

2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The increasing level of antropopression has a negative impact on environmental resources and has reached the level of our planetary boundaries. One limitation is land use change caused by urbanization. Global policies prove the need to undertake action in order to develop more sustainable human settlements, which would be adapted better to potential future climate change effects. Among such changes are the increase of average temperatures and extreme events like heat waves. Those changes are more severe in urban areas due to land use development, and result in the urban heat island effect (UHI), which has a negative impact on the thermal comfort of citizens. The paper presents a decision support system that can be used for the assessment of areas to the potential exposure to the UHI effect. The system integrates scenario analysis, land use modelling in cellular automata (Metronamica), and an indicator-based assessment in a geographic information system (ArcGIS). The applicability of the model is illustrated through developing scenarios for the future land use allocation of the Wrocław Larger Urban Zone (Poland). The results of the calculations show which scenario is the least vulnerable to UHI effects. Moreover, for each scenario, cores of urban areas were identified, in which certain urban design patterns accounting for adaptation to climate change could be implemented. The study provides a guideline for local authorities on where to focus actions in order to create more sustainable urban structures and to better adapt to climate change and environmental extremes.

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Kumar

2023

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The urban heat island effect, its causes, and mitigation, with reference to the thermal properties of asphalt concrete

Cited by 733 publications

References 65 publications

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence

Assessing Heat-Related Mortality Risks among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epidemiological Evidence

The Use of a Decision Support System for Sustainable Urbanization and Thermal Comfort in Adaptation to Climate Change Actions—The Case of the Wrocław Larger Urban Zone (Poland)

Sustainable Natural Spaces for Microclimate Mitigation to Meet Future Urban Energy Challenges

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