The Urinary Concentration of Solvents as a Biological Indicator of Exposure: Proposal for the Biological Equivalent Exposure Limit for Nine Solvents

Ghittori, S; Imbriani, Marcello; Pezzagno, G; Capodaglio, E

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(1987)048<0786:tucosa>2.0.co;2

Cited by 33 publications

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“…This small amount of solvent dissolved in urine collected in the bladder tends to reach a pressure equilibrium with alveolar air and arterial blood 68) . Therefore, following Ghittori et al 69) , the endof-exposure urinary concentration of the unmetabolized amount can be seen as the outcome of the natural integration over time of a rather fast partition between air and arterial blood and between arterial blood and urine, with the bladder serving as a collection and mixing vessel.…”

Section: Unchanged Vocs In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Jakubowski

Trzcinka-Ochocka

2005

Journal of Occupational Health

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In the United States it belongs rather to the field of occupational hygiene. It seems that both the approaches can be accepted. More attention should be paid to the development of the truly health-based biomarkers of exposure based on the dose-effect and dose-response relationships. New areas of application of BM of occupational exposure include determination of DNA and protein adducts, unchanged volatile organic compounds in urine, monitoring of exposure to pesticides, antineoplastic drugs, hard metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the general environment BM is the most valuable tool for acquiring knowledge of current levels of internal exposure to xenobiotics, identifying the hot spots and developments in trends of exposure. BM can provide policy makers with more accurate information on the control measures undertaken. At present, the main areas include heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants and pesticides. BM of chemical exposure has become increasingly important in the assessment of the health risk in occupational and environmental medicine. Therefore it would be worthwhile to include BM in the curricula for the training of occupational hygienists. (J Occup Health 2005; 47: 22-48)

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Section: Unchanged Vocs In Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Jakubowski

Trzcinka-Ochocka

2005

Journal of Occupational Health

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“…At this temperature peaks of other components were observed, probably formed in the sample, with retention times close to acetone, leading to overlap, with loss of resolution and difficulty in area integration. Acetone remains stable for at least 12 hours when storing urine at 4 °C and for at least ten days when kept at -20 °C (mean CV = 6%), temperature recommended by some authors 3,5,15,26,31,33,35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Urinary acetone (UAc) is an internal dose indicator recommended for biomonitoring workers exposed to acetone and isopropanol 1 due to its good correlation with environmental solvent levels [2][3][4][5][6] . It can also be useful for the diagnosis of diseases related to the utilization of lipids such as diabetes mellitus I and for the assessment of early damage due to lipid peroxidation caused by oxidative stress 4,[6][7][8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A simple and rapid method for urinary acetone analysis by headspace/gas chromatography

Oliveira¹,

Siqueira²

2007

Quím. Nova

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Recebido em 31/5/06; aceito em 9/11/06; publicado na web em 6/8/07Urinalysis of acetone is important to monitor workers occupationally exposed to acetone and/or isopropanol, as well as in diagnosis of some diseases related to lipid metabolism impairment. This work shows a sensitive, simple and rapid static headspace-gas chromatographic procedure for quantitative determination of acetone in urine. The method was applied to measure acetone in 207 samples from general population volunteers, resulting in a mean level of 1.12 mg/L (± 0.47) and a range of 0.20 -1.95 mg/L. The method is reproducible and reliable, making it suitable for routine analysis of acetone in urine.

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“…With the improvement of analytical methods, unmetabolized VOCs in urine were again paid much attention from 1990 onwards, mainly by Japanese researchers. Good correlations between air and urinary toluene, xylenes and styrene have been reported in occupational environments with over 0.1 ppm solvent exposure [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23] . 6) .…”

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Unmetabolized VOCs in Urine as Biomarkers of Low Level Exposure in Indoor Environments

Wang

Takigawa

Takeuchi

et al. 2007

Journal of Occupational Health

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Unmetabolized VOCs in Urine as (VOCs) in urine as biomarkers of low-level indoor environmental exposure. Twenty-four subjects in 13 dwellings in a prefecture of Japan participated in this study. Air samples of the breathing zone were collected in the living room and bedroom, along with spot urine samples (before bedtime and first morning voids). Toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene isomers, styrene and pdichlorobenzene in the air and urine samples were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. For the 21 subjects without solvent exposure at work, there were significant correlations between the timeweighted average air concentrations in the bedroom and morning urinary concentrations for toluene, oxylene, total xylene and p-dichlorobenzene (correlation coefficients of 0.54, 0.61, 0.56 and 0.84, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis showed only air VOCs in the bedroom influenced the morning urinary VOC concentrations. We concluded that unmetabolized VOCs in the urine can provide a reliable biological indicator for air VOC exposures in non-occupational environments. (J Occup Health 2007; 49: 104-110)

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The Urinary Concentration of Solvents as a Biological Indicator of Exposure: Proposal for the Biological Equivalent Exposure Limit for Nine Solvents

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

Biological Monitoring of Exposure: Trends and Key Developments

A simple and rapid method for urinary acetone analysis by headspace/gas chromatography

Unmetabolized VOCs in Urine as Biomarkers of Low Level Exposure in Indoor Environments

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