Since the second decade of the 21st century, the world's great powers have increased their attention and investment in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), and the game between great powers has intensified. This paper aims to understand the interests and concerns of great powers or international organizations such as the United States (US) and the European Union (EU) in CEE, and analyze the positions and impact of great power factors on China- CEE cooperation ("17+1 Cooperation"). Through the analysis using a multidimensional hermeneutic approach, it can be seen that the EU plays a leading role in CEE, the US is deeply involved in CEE by providing military security and energy supply, and the interests pattern and interactions of the above parties in the CEE region are important external variables that directly or indirectly affect China-CEE cooperation. As a "latecomer", China's cooperation with CEE countries coexists with opportunities and challenges in the game of great powers. While there is some potential for cooperation, the road seems bumpy and long.