The use and effectiveness of pro re nata psychotropic medications in children and adolescents: A systematic review

Asogwa, Kenneth; Okudo, Jerome; Idowu, Joel

doi:10.4103/psychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_34_17

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The high rate of PRN prescription and administration highlights the need for developing appropriate strategies for ensuring safe and appropriate PRN medicines management [ 37 ], especially given the current lack of relevant evidence-based clinical guidelines and instructions for practice at both national and international level [ 45 ]. PRN medicines form a significant proportion of medication errors, at between 9–40% in intensive care units; furthermore, PRN medications are especially likely to contribute to medical errors [ 34 , 46 , 47 , 48 ]. This is significant, given that over 90% of patients with psychiatric disorders receive at least one PRN medication [ 33 ]; 20–86% of nursing home residents receive some PRN drug administration [ 36 , 49 ]; and in outpatient clinics, the prevalence rate is about 77% [ 50 ].…”

Section: Prn Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRN Medicines Optimization and Nurse Education

et al. 2020

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Medicines management is a high-risk and error prone process in healthcare settings, where nurses play an important role to preserve patient safety. In order to create a safe healthcare environment, nurses should recognize challenges that they face in this process, understand factors leading to medication errors, identify errors and systematically address them to prevent their future occurrence. ‘’Pro re nata’’ (PRN, as needed) medicine administration is a relatively neglected area of medicines management in nursing practice, yet has a high potential for medication errors. Currently, the international literature indicates a lack of knowledge of both the competencies required for PRN medicines management and the optimum educational strategies to prepare students for PRN medicines management. To address this deficiency in the literature, the authors have presented a discussion on nurses’ roles in medication safety and the significance and purpose of PRN medications, and suggest a model for preparing nursing students in safe PRN medicines management. The discussion takes into account patient participation and nurse competencies required to safeguard PRN medication practice, providing a background for further research on how to improve the safety of PRN medicines management in clinical practice.

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Section: Prn Medicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

PRN Medicines Optimization and Nurse Education

et al. 2020

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“…There are research gaps regarding the patient safety concerns among the outpatients using psychotropic PRN medications. Systematic reviews on psychotropic PRN medications have suggested that qualitative approach among mental health patients is needed, which might address the medication-related problems (4,18,19). Hence, to focus on these issues, there is a need for a qualitative study among the patients using psychotropic PRN medications in outpatient settings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Psychotropic “Pro Re Nata” Medications by Patients Attending the Outpatient Clinic in a Hospital: A Qualitative Exploration

et al. 2021

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Introduction: Administration of psychotropic pro re nata (PRN) medications is influenced by diverse factors such as legal use of PRN medications, the attitude of patients, personal bias, and stigma toward such medication use. While PRN prescriptions increase the efficiency of care and encourage patients to participate in self-care, the use of psychotropic PRN medications by outpatients has raised concerns about its risks of harm, especially for the outpatients. This study explored the use of psychotropic PRN medications by patients attending the outpatient clinic in a hospital.Methods: Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted. Purposeful sampling was done to achieve cases with enriched information. Participants were chosen regardless of their ethnicity and were selected using the database and patient records in the clinic. Patients 18 years of age prescribed PRN psychotropic medications attending outpatient clinics in a hospital were included. Vulnerable patients (e.g., pregnant ladies, prisoners, cognitively impaired individual, AIDS/HIV subjects, and terminally ill subjects) were excluded.Results: This study revealed the patients' perspectives and experiences on self-management of psychotropic PRN medications. The themes that emerged were clustered as education and background, knowledge on psychotropic medications, frequency of medication intake, underuse of medication, the overdose of medication, side effects concern, source of information, and personal experience.Conclusions: Patients' understanding of medication, inappropriate medication use, cues to action, and use of alternatives are the factors that affected the self-management of psychotropic PRN medications by the patients.

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