The Use and Interpretation of Quasi-Experimental Studies in Medical Informatics

Harris, Anthony D.; McGregor, Jessina C.; Perencevich, Eli N.; Furuno, Jon P.; Zhu, Jingkun; Peterson, Dan; Finkelstein, Joseph

doi:10.1197/jamia.m1749

Cited by 721 publications

(500 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In this regard, Harris et al stated that quasiexperimental designs are commonly employed in the evaluation of the effectiveness of educational programs when random assignment is not possible or practical. 15 Most of the present study girls (60%) belong to the age group of 19-20 years. This is considered appropriate age as these young girls should be more aware about breast cancer and BSE before they reach the age of common occurrence of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls in a selected college of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

Tiwari

Naik²

2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is most sensitive and cost effective method to diagnose breast cancer at an early stage. The present study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on the knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among college girls in the selected college, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Bhilai from January 2012 to February 2012. Data was collected using a structured knowledge questionnaire and observation checklist and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics in terms of frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, student’s t- test, ‘r’ value (Karl Pearson correlation of co-efficient) and chi square test.Results: Among the 30 college girls with 15in experimental group and 15in control group, majority (60%) of girls belongs to the age group of 19-20 years. After intervention, the mean post-test knowledge and practice score of college girls were significantly increased in experimental group (p=0.00). The mean post-test knowledge and practice score of college girls in experimental group was significantly higher than the control group (p=0.00). Moderate correlation was found between post-test knowledge and post-test practice (r=0.47) in experimental group. The post-test knowledge and practice of experimental group were significantly associated with age and area of residence.Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that the structured teaching program was effective in enhancing the knowledge and the practice of college girls regarding breast self-examination. So it is recommended that appropriate health education plan should be prepared for college girls to create awareness and motivate them to perform the BSE.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls in a selected college of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

Tiwari

Naik²

2018

Int J Community Med Public Health

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“…However, some of the interventions were unable to demonstrate significant improvement in targeted outcomes. Because quasi-experimental designs do not adequately control for extraneous variables and alternate explanations of the treatment effect (Harris et al, 2006), resultant effect sizes might be overestimated (Shadish & Baldwin, 2003). Therefore, an analysis of treatment effect will examine results for RCTs and QEDs separately.…”

Section: Analysis Of Treatment Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interventions that target improvements in mental health for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A narrative review

Paz

Wallander

2017

Clinical Psychology Review

132

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• Narrative review of mental health interventions for parents of autistic children • Some treatments reported improvements in stress, depression, and anxiety.• Post-test produced weaker effects than follow-up assessments two months and beyond.• Small sample size, homogeneity, and self-report limited generalizability of results • Outcomes encouraging, but existing data cannot yet support definitive conclusions a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) suggest that one in 68 children is affected. With convincing evidence that parenting a child with ASD is associated with elevated distress and mental health problems, researchers have begun to investigate treatments that directly target parents' psychological well-being. We conducted a narrative review of studies that empirically tested the effects of interventions targeting improvements in the mental health of parents of children with ASD. Following a range of search strategies, a total of 13 studies, seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and six pre-post test designs, met inclusion criteria. We calculated and reported effect sizes for all RCTs. On average, treatment produced medium to large effect sizes with improvements in parenting stress and general health, and reductions in depression and anxiety. Interventions that appeared promising included: Stress Management and Relaxation Techniques, Expressive Writing, MindfulnessBased Stress Reduction, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. However, only one study conducted a followup assessment N 3 months post intervention. Study populations primarily consisted of English-speaking mothers, ages 39 to 42 years. Conclusions were limited by small sample sizes, homogeneity of sample population, and reliance on self-report. Therefore, this body of research contains significant limitations in need of improvement for this field to move forward and benefit a sizable number of parents.

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“…A quasi-RCT was determined to be any observational study that performed a matched cohort analysis using propensity scores (18). We decided a priori to repeat the sensitivity analysis using studies evaluating venovenous exctracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) only, studies in which lung-protective ventilation was adopted in the ECLS and control arms, and studies using different matching strategies to determine the control cohort.…”

Section: Sensitivity and Subgroup Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracorporeal Life Support for Acute Respiratory Failure. A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

et al. 2014

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Rationale: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) for acute respiratory failure has increased as a result of technological advancements and promising results from recent studies as compared with historical trials.Objectives: Systematically review the effect of ECLS compared with mechanical ventilation on mortality, length of stay, and adverse events in respiratory failure.Methods: Data sources included were MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL (through to October 2013). Any randomized controlled trial (RCT) or observational study comparing ECLS to mechanical ventilation in adults was used. Two authors independently abstracted the data. Our primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit length of stay, hospital length of stay, and adverse events. A sensitivity analysis was performed restricted to RCTs and quasi-RCTs, and a number of predefined subgroups were identified to explore heterogeneity. Measurements and Main Results:Ten studies (four RCTs, six observational studies, 1,248 patients) were included. There was no significant difference in hospital mortality with ECLS as compared with mechanical ventilation (risk ratio [RR], 1.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.79-1.33; I 2 = 77%). When restricted to venovenous ECLS studies of randomized trials and quasi-randomized trials (three studies; 504 patients), there was a decrease in mortality with ECLS compared with mechanical ventilation (RR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.51-0.79; I 2 = 15%). There were insufficient study-level data to evaluate most secondary outcomes. Bleeding was significantly greater in the ECLS group (RR, 11.44; 95% CI, 3.11-42.06; I 2 = 0%). In the H1N1 subgroup (three studies; 364 patients), ECLS was associated with significantly lower hospital mortality (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.45-0.8; I 2 = 25%).Conclusions: ECLS was not associated with a mortality benefit in patients with acute respiratory failure. However, a significant mortality benefit was seen when restricted to higher-quality studies of venovenous ECLS. Patients with H1N1-acute respiratory distress syndrome represent a subgroup that may benefit from ECLS. Future studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of ECLS as well as the optimal configuration, indications, and timing for adult patients with respiratory failure.

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The Use and Interpretation of Quasi-Experimental Studies in Medical Informatics

Cited by 721 publications

References 43 publications

Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls in a selected college of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

Effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and practice regarding breast self-examination among college girls in a selected college of Bhilai, Chhattisgarh, India

Interventions that target improvements in mental health for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: A narrative review

Extracorporeal Life Support for Acute Respiratory Failure. A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis

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