The use of a fuel containing Chlorella vulgaris in a diesel engine

Scragg, Alan H.; Morrison, John L.; Shales, Stuart W.

doi:10.1016/j.enzmictec.2003.01.001

Cited by 117 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The emulsion fuels of CS-E20 and CS-ME20 produce significantly lower CO 2 than CS-B100 by 19.9% and 11.6% due to the better combustion that allows more CO to be converted to CO 2 . This finding is in a good agreement with [34]. Figure 11.…”

Section: Engine Testsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…The exhaust gas temperature from CS-ME20 is higher than the exhaust gas temperature from CS-E20 by 19.7% due to the higher calorific value that results from the presence of FWM-CV cells. The reduction in the NO x level showed very strong agreement with the reduction found by Scragg, Morrison and Shales [34], when compared with biodiesel fuel from rapeseed with emulsion fuel containing microalgae slurry. The emulsion fuels of CS-E20 and CS-ME20 produce significantly lower CO 2 than CS-B100 by 19.9% and 11.6% due to the better combustion that allows more CO to be converted to CO 2 .…”

Section: Engine Testsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Table 2 demonstrates that the dry weight of FWM-CV is significantly different between the control and the ISC. The dry weight of 0.89 (g·L respectively which are both greater than Lee et al [34] results due to the significant difference in culturing time.…”

Section: Bimass Productivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Surfactants are normally added to the emulsion to prevent the separation between the emulsion constituents and maintain stable emulsion for certain period of time [33]. Triton X-100 was used as a surfactant in this study as recommended by Scragg et al [34]. The mixture of water containing microalgae, biodiesel and surfactant was treated in batches with ultrasound.…”

Section: Producing Emulsified Water (With and Without Fwm-cv) In Biodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuels from the Fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV) for Diesel Engines

2014

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This work aims to investigate biofuels for diesel engines produced on a lab-scale from the fresh water microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV). The impact of growing conditions on the properties of biodiesel produced from FWM-CV was evaluated. The properties of FWM-CV biodiesel were found to be within the ASTM standards for biodiesel. Due to the limited amount of biodiesel produced on the lab-scale, the biomass of dry cells of FWM-CV was used to yield emulsified water fuel. The preparation of emulsion fuel with and without FWM-CV cells was conducted using ultrasound to overcome the problems of large size microalgae colonies and to form homogenized emulsions. The emulsified water fuels, prepared using ultrasound, were found to be stable and the size of FWM-CV colonies were effectively reduced to pass through the engine nozzle safely. Engine tests at 3670 rpm were conducted using three fuels: cottonseed biodiesel CS-B100, emulsified cottonseed biodiesel water fuel, water and emulsifier (CS-E20) and emulsified water containing FWM-CV cells CS-ME20. The results showed that the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) was increased by about 41% when the engine was fueled with emulsified water fuels compared to CS-B100. The engine power, exhaust gas OPEN ACCESSEnergies 2014, 7 1830 temperature, NO x and CO 2 were significantly lower than that produced by CS-B100. The CS-ME20 produced higher power than CS-E20 due to the heating value improvement as a result of adding FWM-CV cells to the fuel.

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Section: Engine Testsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Engine Testsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Bimass Productivitymentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Producing Emulsified Water (With and Without Fwm-cv) In Biodmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuels from the Fresh Water Microalgae Chlorella vulgaris (FWM-CV) for Diesel Engines

2014

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“…There is currently no data about the emissions of a petrol engine working with microalgal biodiesel. However, a related study (25) and algal biofuel characterization (26) let us assume that algal biodiesel has the same behavior in diesel engines as other biofuel. Table 3 summarizes the most impacting emissions and consumption generated by the production of 1 kg of algal biodiesel.…”

Section: Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Life-Cycle Assessment of Biodiesel Production from Microalgae

Lardon

Hélias

Sialve

et al. 2009

Environ. Sci. Technol.

1,289

803

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This paper provides an analysis of the potential environmental impacts of biodiesel production from microalgae. High production yields of microalgae have called forth interest of economic and scientific actors but it is still unclear whether the production of biodiesel is environmentally interesting and which transformation steps need further adjustment and optimization. A comparative LCA study of a virtual facility has been undertaken to assess the energetic balance and the potential environmental impacts of the whole process chain, from the biomass production to the biodiesel combustion. Two different culture conditions, nominal fertilizing or nitrogen starvation, as well as two different extraction options, dry or wet extraction, have been tested. The best scenario has been compared to first generation biodiesel and oil diesel. The outcome confirms the potential of microalgae as an energy source but highlights the imperative necessity of decreasing the energy and fertilizer consumption. Therefore control of nitrogen stress during the culture and optimization of wet extraction seem to be valuable options. This study also emphasizes the potential of anaerobic digestion of oilcakes as a way to reduce external energy demand and to recycle a part of the mineral fertilizers.

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