The Use of a Ketamine-Propofol Combination During Monitored Anesthesia Care

Effects of S-Ketamine as an Anesthetic Adjuvant to Propofol on Treatment Response to Electroconvulsive Therapy in Treatment-Resistant Depression

“…Racemic ketamine consists of 2 enantiomers, R(j) and S(+) ketamine. 22,23 There are some previous reports of ketamine use in ECT anesthesia. 14,15 The S(+) enantiomer has a 4-fold affinity to the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and 3-fold anesthetic potency, compared with the R(j) ketamine.…”

The effect of ketamine on hypoventilation during deep sedation with midazolam and propofol

“…21,27 Some studies have used indirect and less reliable measurements of hypoventilation such as endtidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation and observed respiratory rate. 21,27 Some studies have used indirect and less reliable measurements of hypoventilation such as endtidal carbon dioxide, oxygen saturation and observed respiratory rate.…”

Comparison of propofol versus propofol‐ketamine combination for sedation during spinal anesthesia in children: randomized clinical trial of efficacy and safety

“…We did not observe any psychomimetic effects in any of the cases. When used with propofol infusion, the frequency of nausea and vomiting increased with higher doses of ketamine (≥24 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 ) (19). None of the patient in this study had postoperative nausea or vomiting, we attribute this to the lesser dose of ketamine (<13 μg·kg −1 ·min −1 ) and lack of use of opioids in our study.…”