“…For instance, X-ray diffraction (XRD) provides a direct measurement of the interlayer distance as a function of water content from the measurement of the angular positions of Bragg reflections, and valuable information (basal spacing, crystallite size, and induced lattice strain) about the water adsorption process can be readily obtained − from peak shape evaluation and comparison with data modeling. In addition, quasi-elastic neutron scattering (QENS), ,, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ,− infrared spectroscopy (IR), − and computer simulations ,− provide valuable insights on water mobility, such as the diffusion coefficient in the interlayer, proton exchange dynamics, cation mobility, etc.…”