The use of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), to decrease nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in a simulated grazed and irrigated grassland

Di, Hong J.; Cameron, Keith

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2002.tb00258.x

Cited by 260 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This may be related to differences in management practices and environmental conditions between the studies which ranged from temperate (current study) to subtropical to Mediterranean climates. In the current study the nitrification inhibitor DCD was incorporated into the urea granule at manufacture which provided a very 22 targeted delivery compared with spraying a liquid solution of DCD onto the whole paddock (Di and Cameron, 2002;. Comparisons of granular versus liquid DCD application at the same time and rate found no effect of formulation on N leaching or yield (Menneer et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Effect Of N Formulation On N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Harty

Forrestal

Watson

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

146

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*Corresponding authors karl.richards@teagasc.ieHighlights  The N 2 O emission factor for CAN was substantially higher than the IPCC default and highly variable between sites and across years. Urea products decreased direct N 2 O emissions from CAN on average by 80%  Switching from CAN to urea products reduces both N 2 O emissions and fertiliser costs. 3 AbstractThe accelerating use of synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilisers, to meet the world's growing food demand, is the primary driver for increased atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The IPCC default emission factor (EF) for N 2 O from soils is 1% of the N applied, irrespective of its form. However, N 2 O emissions tend to be higher from nitrate-containing fertilisers e.g. calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) compared to urea, particularly in regions, which have mild, wet climates and high organic matter soils. Urea can be an inefficient N source due to NH 3 volatilisation, but nitrogen stabilisers (urease and nitrification inhibitors) can improve its efficacy. This study evaluated the impact of switching fertiliser formulation from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea-based products, as a potential mitigation strategy to reduce N 2 O emissions at six temperate grassland sites on the island of Ireland. The surface applied formulations included CAN, urea and urea with the urease inhibitor N-(nbutyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) and/or the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD). Results showed that N 2 O emissions were significantly affected by fertiliser formulation, soil type and climatic conditions. The direct N 2 O emission factor (EF) from CAN averaged 1.49% overall sites, but was highly variable, ranging from 0.58% to 3.81.Amending urea with NBPT, to reduce ammonia volatilisation, resulted in an average EF of 0.40% (ranging from 0.21 to 0.69%)-compared to an average EF of 0.25% for urea (ranging from 0.1 to 0.49%), with both fertilisers significantly lower and less variable than CAN.Cumulative N 2 O emissions from urea amended with both NBPT and DCD were not significantly different from background levels. Switching from CAN to stabilised urea formulations was found to be an effective strategy to reduce N 2 O emissions, particularly in wet, temperate grassland. 4Key words nitrous oxide mitigation; emission factor; calcium ammonium nitrate; stabilised urea; nitrification inhibitor Dicyandiamide (DCD); urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT).5

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Section: The Effect Of N Formulation On N 2 O Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Harty

Forrestal

Watson

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

146

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“…Published research in 2002 first showed its potential effectiveness in Canterbury to reduce nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions within urine patches (Di & Cameron 2002, 2005. It was also noted that in reducing losses of urine-N to both processes, there is an increased potential for the retained N to increase dry matter (DM) production and reduce N fertiliser application, thereby increasing farming efficiency and productivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pasture dry matter responses to the use of a nitrification inhibitor: a national series of New Zealand farm trials

Carey

Jiang

2012

New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research

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The use of nitrification inhibitors has become increasingly common on dairy farms in NZ since 2004, ostensibly to reduce nitrogen (N) loss from nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions. A potential benefit of this reduction in N loss, however, is an increase in dry matter (DM) production. Pasture response data were collated from a national series of farm trials conducted in 132 paddocks on 37 farms in the North Island (NI) and South Island (SI) of New Zealand where paddocks were randomly split into two halves with one half treated with the nitrification inhibitor eco-n TM . Measurements conforming to a strict protocol were made using pasture plate meters. There was a highly significant overall DM response to inhibitor use of 19% across all trials (14% NI, 21% SI) although full-year responses were more variable between NI regions (4Á27%) than SI regions (12Á31%). Generally, DM responses were greater than those demonstrated by previous small-scale experimental trials and this may indicate the influence of a farmÁsystem effect. Several reasons are speculated for this effect but further research is required to identify the factors involved.

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“…However, in soils ammonium may be converted into mobile nitrate ions within a short period of time. Therefore nitrification inhibitors stabilized N fertilizers, for example, ammonium sulphate nitrate with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazol phosphate (DMPP), were introduced (Di andCameron 2002, Benckiser et al 2013). Controlling the microbiological process of nitrification, nitrate losses could be reduced by increasing the assimilated N by plants (Subbarao et al 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium

2014

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It is postulated that stabilized ammonium fertilizers improve fertilizer-N utilization by crops, leading thus to higher yields with the same fertilizer rate, especially on sandy soils. However, it must be taken into consideration that in clayey soil at least a part of the NH 4 + ions may be fixed by 2:1 clay minerals, thus delaying the effect of the N fertilizer. Because NH 4 + and K + have similar size and valence properties and therefore compete for the same non-exchangeable sites of 2:1 clay minerals, we investigated the influence of time and K + application rate on both fixation and release of NH 4 + . Fixation of NH 4 + ions was higher when K + was applied after NH 4 + , while the influence of the K + application rate was less pronounced. Mobilization of non-exchangeable NH 4 + was retarded when K + was applied at the high rate after NH 4 + . At the first harvest yield formation of ryegrass was neither influenced by the amount as well as the application time of K + , because plant available N was not growth limiting, while yield of the second harvest was significantly higher with the low K + application rate after NH 4 + . After the second harvest the blocking effect of K + on the release of non-exchangeable NH 4 + was attenuated and the highest yields of the third cut were reached in the treatments with the high K + application rate after NH 4 + . Total dry matter yield was highest when K + was applied at the low rate after NH 4 + . Our results show that K + governs fixation and release of non-exchangeable NH 4 + , which should be taken into consideration when applying ammonium containing N fertilizers like ammonium sulfate, ammonium sulfate nitrate and ENTEC. Thus K + can affect N availability when N is applied as NH 4 + in both the short and long term.

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The use of a nitrification inhibitor, dicyandiamide (DCD), to decrease nitrate leaching and nitrous oxide emissions in a simulated grazed and irrigated grassland

Cited by 260 publications

References 31 publications

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Reducing nitrous oxide emissions by changing N fertiliser use from calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) to urea based formulations

Pasture dry matter responses to the use of a nitrification inhibitor: a national series of New Zealand farm trials

Ammonium fixation and release by clay minerals as influenced by potassium

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