The Use of a Technical Device for Testing the Sport-Functional Properties of Riding Surfaces

Kruse, Lisa M.; Traulsen, Imke; Krieter, Joachim

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2012.08.008

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The surface should support the performance of the horse but should also help prevent injuries. Materials like sand, sawdust, and synthetic fiber are commonly used in riding arenas 149 . The constant walking, trotting, and cantering of heavy horses on such grit causes the resuspension of particulate matter and, consequently, exposure to different types of airborne pollutants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Materials like sand, sawdust, and synthetic fiber are commonly used in riding arenas. 149 The constant walking, trotting, and cantering of heavy horses on such grit causes the resuspension of particulate matter and, consequently, exposure to different types of airborne pollutants. We found six studies (see Table S3 in the SI) reporting the indoor air quality parameters in indoor horse riding arenas.…”

Section: Indoor Horse Riding Arenasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

2020

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Physical activity is one of the most basic human functions and a significant basis of health. The World Health Organization (WHO) 1 recommends that adults, including older adults, undertake at least 2.5 hours of moderately intense aerobic activity per week. With an increasing number of sports enthusiasts worldwide, the number of indoor sports facilities and the number of workers in those facilities have also increased dramatically in the past decades. However, unlike residential areas and other types of public spaces, such as schools and offices, there is relatively little published research about air quality and exposure to different pollutants in various indoor sports facilities, 2,3 where a growing number of people exercise, work full or part time, or attend athletic events. 4,5 Although many studies of athletes' exposure to ambient air contaminants have been published, 6-10 little work is known about the exposure to air pollutants in different indoor sports facilities. Available publications have been focused on ice arenas, with the most investigated pollutants being carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , referring to

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indoor Horse Riding Arenasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

2020

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“…While the simpler tools in this study have previously been used in other turfgrass applications, many have not been evaluated for equine surfaces. Previous studies have shown that tools developed for human athletes are insensitive to the higher loads in deep layers and the greater strain rates produced by a Thoroughbred at a gallop [ 35 ]. Comparing the simpler tools to the OBST on the plots used in this study provides a close approximation of the measurements on North American turfgrass racing surfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of Devices for Race Day Characterization of North American Turfgrass Thoroughbred Racing Surfaces

Schmitt,

Sanderson,

Rogers

et al. 2023

Animals

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Both pre-race meet and daily turf surface condition measurements are required by regulations adopted as part of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA). The Orono Biomechanical Surface Tester (OBST) is the primary device used for characterizing a racing surface and is used for the pre-meet inspections. Tools that are better suited for the daily testing of turf surfaces are also needed to meet the new federal regulations. The purpose of this study was to compare five simple tools commonly used in turf applications to the OBST. Data were collected with each of the six devices at plots chosen to approximate the current and potential compositions of North American turf racetracks. Correlations and linear regression models were then established between the simple tool measurements and the parameters measured by the OBST. The moisture probe was found to be the primary device for race day characterization due to its strong correlation to OBST measurements. The Longchamp Penetrometer is also prioritized for daily measurements due to its established correlation to horse performance and injuries. The Clegg Impact Hammer provides further improvement of the linear regression model. The Turf Shear Tester and GoingStick® were not found to correlate well to the biomechanically based device.

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“…Agility dogs often compete on a variety of surfaces, including dirt, artificial turf, sand, grass, and rubber matting. The specific surface composition determines the surface's mechanical behaviors, such as cohesion, shear, friction, and vertical displacement while undergoing load or shear forces (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10). Extrinsic factors such as temperature, moisture level, and how the surface is maintained also affect its mechanical behaviors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of surface type and time of day on agility course performance

Pechette Markley,

Kieves,

Rivas

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionCanine agility competitions are performed on a variety of surfaces. In the equine and human literature, surface type has been associated with speed, performance, and injury risk. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of general surface type and time of day on calculated speed (yards per second over a measured course distance) and course performance during the UKI Agility International (UKI) U.S. Open. We hypothesized that surface type would affect calculated speed, with sand being the slowest.Materials and methodsData on course performance from the 2021 and 2022 events were obtained directly from UKI. The officiating judge measured course length, automatic timers recorded dogs’ course times, and speeds were calculated from these values. Three surfaces (dirt, grass, and sand) were compared across three categories of courses (jumpers, standard, and speedstakes). Differences in calculated speeds and qualifying rates were estimated using generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for multiple runs by the same handler.ResultsAmong jumpers courses, those run on sand in 2021 were markedly slower than those run on dirt. Grass and dirt were more similar in terms of average calculated speed, though some courses run on grass were significantly faster than courses run on dirt and vice versa. Time of day effects observed were inconsistent, with more variability observed for dirt and sand than for grass.DiscussionThere was a notable variation in calculate speed based on surface with sand being slowest, likely due to the increased energy cost required to run on sand due to its high compliance. Calculated speeds on grass and dirt appeared generally similar, but there was substantial variability of calculated speed among various courses, making comparison of surface effects challenging. Variables within the surface itself (such as compaction level and moisture content) likely play a role in the effects of surface on speed and performance. This study provides insight into the complexity of surface effects on performance in agility dogs and highlights the need for canine-specific surface studies on the effect of surface variables and how these relate to risk of development of musculoskeletal injuries.

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The Use of a Technical Device for Testing the Sport-Functional Properties of Riding Surfaces

Cited by 8 publications

References 15 publications

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

A Comparison of Devices for Race Day Characterization of North American Turfgrass Thoroughbred Racing Surfaces

Evaluation of surface type and time of day on agility course performance

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