The Use of Animal Models in Fusionless Scoliosis Investigations

Braun, John T.; Akyuz, Ephraim; Ogilvie, James W.

doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000175187.61474.9a

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Bracing may help prevent spinal curve progression in curves under 40°but is ineffective in controlling larger curves [1,3,8]. To correct the deformity, surgery with fusion is usually performed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shilla Growing Rods in a Caprine Animal Model: A Pilot Study

McCarthy

Sucato

Turner

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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There are few good surgical options that allow for continued spinal growth in patients with early-onset scoliosis. The ''Shilla'' is a growth guidance system that does not require repeated surgical lengthenings. The Shilla system guides growth at the ends of dual rods with the apex of the curve corrected, fused, and fixed to the rods. The growth occurs through the extraperiosteally implanted pedicle screws that slide along the rods at either end of the construct. We implanted 11 2-month-old immature goats with the dual rod system and euthanized all 11 goats 6 months postoperatively. We evaluated plain radiographs, regular computed tomography, microcomputed tomography, physical and histologic examinations, and a microscopic wear analysis. All of the goat spines grew with the implants in place; growth occurred in both the thoracic and lumbar ends of the rods for a total average of 48 mm. None of the implants failed, although we observed minor wear at the rod/screw interface. Growth guidance with the Shilla rod system allowed for continued growth in this goat model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shilla Growing Rods in a Caprine Animal Model: A Pilot Study

McCarthy

Sucato

Turner

et al. 2010

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

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“…A variety of large animals have been employed in different scoliosis models ( [23] for review). Landrace pigs were chosen for the following reasons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porcine model of early onset scoliosis based on animal growth created with posterior mini-invasive spinal offset tethering A preliminary report

et al. 2011

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Several models of scoliosis were developed in the past 10 years. In most of them, deformations are induced in old animals and required long time observation period and a chest wall ligation ± resection. The purpose of the study was to create a scoliosis model with a size similar to an early onset scoliosis and an important growth potential without chest wall injuring. An original offset implant was fixed posteriorly and connected with a cable in seven (6 ? 1 control) one-month-old Landrace pigs. The mean initial spinal length (T1-S1) was 25 cm and the mean weight was 9 kg. After 2 months observation, spinal deformities were assessed with a three dimension stereographic analysis. In four animals, the cable was sectioned and the deformities followed-up for next 2 months. No post-operative complication was observed. Mean weight growth was 10 kg/month and mean spine lengthening (T1-S1) was 7 cm/month. In 2 months, we obtained structural scoliotic curves with vertebral and disk wedging which were maximal at the apex of the curve. Mean frontal and sagittal Cobb angles was 45°. Chest wall associated deformities were similar to those observed in scoliotic deformities and were correlated to spinal deformities (p = 0.03). The cable section resulted in a partial curve regression influenced by disk elasticity and could probably be influenced by gravity loads (Decrease of the Cobb angle of 30% in the sagittal plane and 45% in the frontal plane). According to the results, the model creates a structural scoliosis and chest wall deformity that is similar to an early onset scoliosis. The spinal deformities were obtained quickly, and were consistent between animals in term of amount and characteristic.

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“…This prototype has since been tested in animal models of scoliosis. [15][16][17]94 Betz et al 10 published a retrospective report in 2003 detailing their experience with VB stapling in 21 consecutive patients with AIS who had a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Only 1 patient had a curve that progressed to surgical failure, suggesting that VB stapling was a feasible, safe, and effective method for treating AIS.…”

Section: Anterior Fusionless Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical advantages include limiting the morbidity and invasiveness of traditional fusion procedures such as motion preservation (particularly in the adolescent spine), avoidance of bone graft harvesting complications, and adjacent-level degeneration. 10,15,81 Fusionless scoliosis surgery consists of endoscopic vertebral stapling, anterior thoracic stapling, single or dual growing-rod systems, convex scoliosis tethering, mechanical modulation of spinal growth, guided spinal growth, and internal bracing of the deformity. 10,15,18,81 These procedures involve the application of fusionless implants directly to the spine via a minimally invasive or anterior endoscopic approach to offer a mechanical advantage for the correction of spinal deformity in the immature and growing spine.…”

Section: Anterior Fusionless Surgerymentioning

confidence: 99%