The use of bacterial polysaccharides in bioprinting

Abstract

Additive manufacturing or 3D printing has spearheaded a revolution in the biomedical sector allowing the rapid prototyping of medical devices. The recent advancements in bioprinting technology are enabling the development of potential new therapeutic options with respect to tissue engineering and regenerative medicines. Bacterial polysaccharides have been shown to be a central component of the inks used in a variety of bioprinting processes influencing their key features such as the mechanical and thermal properties, printability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. However, the implantation of any foreign structure in the body comes with an increased risk of bacterial infection and immunogenicity. In recent years, this risk is being potentiated by the rise in nosocomial multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Inks used in bioprinting are being augmented with antimicrobials to mitigate this risk. The applications of bacterial polysaccharide-based bioinks have the potential to act as a key battlefront in the war against antibiotic resistance. This paper reviews the range of bacterial polysaccharides used in bioprinting and discusses the potential of various bioactive polysaccharides to be integrated into these inks.

Chemical Modification of Bacterial Cellulose for the Development of an Antibacterial Wound Dressing

“…Bacterial cellulose is secreted extracellularly by bacteria in the form of glucan chains that self-assemble into microfibrils immediately outside the cell membrane (Chawla et al, 2009;McCarthy et al, 2019). As a result, Gluconacetobacter xylinus cells remain trapped within the highly porous structure in the interstices between the fibrils.…”

Fabrication of Bacterial Cellulose-Curcumin Nanocomposite as a Novel Dressing for Partial Thickness Skin Burn

“…To date, extensive efforts have been made in burn therapeutics to improve the survival of victims; however, burn-related morbidity and mortality are still alarming issues ( Coban, 2012 ). Therefore, further efforts are required to develop advanced biomaterials-based wound dressings and potential alternatives to traditional counterparts by using tissue engineering strategies which focus on synthesis or regeneration of tissues and amplifying it in vivo by using active biofactors and a three-dimensional biocompatible, biodegradable, and porous scaffolds ( Duan and Wang, 2010 ; Aljohani et al, 2018 ; Torgbo and Sukyai, 2018 ; McCarthy et al, 2019a , b ). An ideal 3D scaffold supports the cellular activities for easy adhesion, penetration, growth, proliferation, and differentiation, in addition to being non-toxic, biodegradable, mechanically stable, and permeable to diffusion of nutrients and oxygen flow ( Hu et al, 2014 ; Douglass et al, 2018 ).…”

An Overview of Biopolymeric Electrospun Nanofibers Based on Polysaccharides for Wound Healing Management

“…Dextran (DXT) is a neutral polymer derived from Streptococcus mutans and Leuconostoc mesenteroides , lactic acid-producing bacteria and is composed of α-(1→6) and α-(1→4) glucopyranosyl linkages. Louis Pasteur was the one who initially discovered dextran, as a fermentation by-product of wine [ 178 ]. The bacterial polysaccharide DXT is a readily available and water-soluble biopolymer that exhibits good biodegradability and biocompatibility and that had been used in various medical applications, including skin tissue repairing [ 106 ].…”