The Use of Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenoic Acid Ethyl Ester as a Standard for Determination of Xanthophyll Utilization from Natural Sources by Broilers

Herrick, George M.; Fry, Jack D.; Harms, R. H.

doi:10.3382/ps.0510428

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These results confirmed previous findings with the A.N.R.C. Standard (Harms et al, 1971;Herrick et al, 1972;Hinton et al, 1973;Garlich et al, 1974;and Halloran, 1974). The data from Table 3 show zeaxanthin to have almost twice the pigmenting potency of APO-EE, which had been shown to be an effective pigmenter (Rauch, 1965;Marusich, 1969Marusich, , 1970Marusich and Bauernfeind, 1970).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Zeaxanthin as a Broiler Pigmenter

et al. 1976

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Zeaxanthin in a stabilized gelatin beadlet formulation was evaluated as a broiler pigmenter in 2 trials. In the first experiment, low oxycarotenoid basal broiler starter and grower rations were fed continuously for 7 weeks with zeaxanthin added to both of the rations at concentrations of 11, 22 and 33 mg./kg. Zeaxanthin was compared to three other pigmentation sources: (3-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester, marigold petal meal and a concentrated extract from marigold petal meal.In the second experiment, zeaxanthin was added at a concentration of 2.75 to 11 mg./kg. to broiler grower rations containing <1.0, 5.5, 11, 16.5, or 22 mg. oxycarotenoids/kg. from feed ingredients and fed from the 29th through the 49th day.The birds from both experiments were processed under simulated commercial conditions. Shank color was visually scored by 3 or 4 persons using the Roche Yolk Color Fan and breast feather tract pigmentation was measured using the Purina Skin Pigmentation Guide.Zeaxanthin was shown to be a very effective broiler pigmenter producing a highly acceptable yellow to yellow-orange color in both the shanks and breast skin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Zeaxanthin as a Broiler Pigmenter

et al. 1976

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“…These differences are based on the observation of Herrick et al (1972) who reported that one gram of Beta-apo-8'-carotenoic acid ethyl ester would result in a 1% improvement in shank excitation purity. This would mean that approximately 4.3 grams more of xanthophyll per ton of feed would be required for the Hubbard x Hubbard to give comparable pigmentation to that observed for the Vantress x Arbor Acre.…”

Section: -Shank Dominant Wavelength (Dwl) Excitation Purity (Ep) Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of Differences in Pigmentation Among Strains and Crosses of Broilers

Harms¹,

Fry²,

McPherson³

1977

Poultry Science

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“…These increases in shank EP would be of commercial importance since an increase of 1.0% in excitation purity is equivalent to an increase of slightly more than 1 gram of xanthophyl per ton of feed. This relationship is based upon the observations of Herrick et al (1972) who reported that one gram of Beta-apo-8' carotenoic acid ethyl ester resulted in a 1.0% improvement in shank excitation purity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of Flavomycin and 3-Nitro-10 on Broiler Pigmentation When Used With Different Coccidiostats

Fry¹,

Harms²,

Moeller³

et al. 1976

Poultry Science

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In the second of a series of evaluations of Flavomycin and 3-Nitro-10 on broiler pigmentation in the presence of different coccidiostats, Clopidol was used at a level of 0.0125% in all diets. Flavomycin was included in the feed at 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg./kg. and 3-Nitro-10 was added at levels of 0, 25.0, 37.5 and 50.0 mg./kg. The broilers were grown at five different Agricultural Experiment Stations. Shank pigmentation evaluations were made with a. reflectance colorimeter. The data thus obtained (dominant wavelength, excitation purity and luminosity) represent the hue, intensity and brightness of the shank sample, respectively.In four of five experiments significant pigmentation responses were noted for Flavomycin and for 3-Nitro-10 fed in graded levels in the presence of Clopidol. Flavomycin produced significant increases in excitation purity (EP) in three experiments and in dominant wavelength (DWL) in one experiment. Significant responses in EP were produced by 3-Nitro-10 in two experiments and in DWL in two experiments. The pigmentation responses resulting from these two additives generally follow the production responses of body weight and feed efficiency to Flavomycin and 3-Nitro-10.

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The Use of Beta-Apo-8′-Carotenoic Acid Ethyl Ester as a Standard for Determination of Xanthophyll Utilization from Natural Sources by Broilers

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Zeaxanthin as a Broiler Pigmenter

Zeaxanthin as a Broiler Pigmenter

Evidence of Differences in Pigmentation Among Strains and Crosses of Broilers

Effect of Flavomycin and 3-Nitro-10 on Broiler Pigmentation When Used With Different Coccidiostats

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