The use of case marking for predictive processing in second language Japanese

Mitsugi, Sanako; MacWhinney, Brian

doi:10.1017/s1366728914000881

Cited by 92 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…Under one widely held view, predictive language processing is implemented by domain-general executive (inhibitory control and working memory) resources. This perspective receives support from numerous studies showing that prediction effects during language comprehension are absent or less pronounced for populations with reduced executive resources, such as children, older individuals, and non-native speakers (e.g., Federmeier et al, 2002;Federmeier & Kutas, 2005;Dagerman, et al, 2006;Federmeier et al, 2010;Mani & Huettig, 2012;Wlotko & Federmeier, 2012;Martin et al, 2013;Kaan, 2014;Mitsugi & Macwhinney, 2016;Gambi et al, 2018;Payne & Federmeier, 2018;cf. Dave et al, 2018;Havron et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension

Shain

Blank

Schijndel

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Much research in cognitive neuroscience supports prediction as a canonical computation of cognition in many domains. Is such predictive coding implemented by feedback from higher-order domain-general circuits, or is it locally implemented in domain-specific circuits? What information sources are used to generate these predictions? This study addresses these two questions in the context of language processing. We present fMRI evidence from a naturalistic comprehension paradigm (1) that predictive coding in the brain's response to language is domain-specific, and (2) that these predictions are sensitive both to local word co-occurrence patterns and to hierarchical structure. Using a recently developed deconvolutional time series regression technique that supports data-driven hemodynamic response function discovery from continuous BOLD signal fluctuations in response to naturalistic stimuli, we found we found effects of prediction measures in the language network but not in the domain-general, multiple-demand network. Moreover, within the language network, surface-level and structural prediction effects were separable. The predictability effects in the language network were substantial, with the model capturing over 37% of explainable variance on held-out data. These findings indicate that human sentence processing mechanisms generate predictions about upcoming words using cognitive processes that are sensitive to hierarchical structure and specialized for language processing, rather than via feedback from high-level executive control mechanisms. 4 2016; Lopopolo et al., 2017; see Table 1 for summary), a well-established predictor of behavioral measures in naturalistic language comprehension (These previous naturalistic studies of linguistic prediction effects in the brainusing estimates of prediction effort such as surprisal, the negative log probability of a word given its context, or entropy, an information-theoretic measure of the degree of constraint placed by the context on upcoming words (Hale, 2001)have yielded mixed results on the existence, type, and functional location of such effects. For example, of the lexicalized and unlexicalized (part-of-speech) bigram and trigram models of word surprisal explored in Brennan et al. (2016), only part-of-speech bigrams positively modulated neural responses in most regions of the functionally localized language network. Lexicalized bi-and trigrams and part-of-speech trigrams yielded generally null or negative results (16 out of 18 comparisons). By contrast, Willems et al. (2015) found lexicalized trigram effects in regions typically associated with language processing (e.g., anterior and posterior temporal lobe). In addition, Willems et al. (2015) and Lopopolo et al. (2017) found prediction effects in regions that are unlikely to be specialized for language processing, including (aggregating across both studies) the brain stem, amygdala, putamen, and hippocampus, as well as in superior frontal areas more typically associated with domain-general executive functions like...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension

Shain

Blank

Schijndel

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…Bohnacker & Rosén (2008) meneliti pemrosesan kalimat deklaratif bahasa Jerman sebagai bahasa kedua. Mitsugi & MacWhinney (2015) meneliti pemrosesan penanda pemarkahan dalam bahasa Jepang sebagai bahasa kedua. Pada penelitian Riyanto (1990), bahasa yang diteliti adalah bahasa Belanda dengan penuturnya orang Indonesia yang menguasai bahasa Belanda dan penutur jati bahasa Belanda.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

“…Menurut Competition Model (CM), ketiga perangkat di atas dapat saling berkompetensi (Mitsugi & MacWhinney, 2015). Petunjuk (cue) yang relatif kuat akan memenangi persaingan sehingga hal tersebut dapat dijadikan cara yang dapat diandalkan.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

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Kompetisi Antara Petunjuk Sintaktis Dan Semantis Dalam Pemahaman Bahasa Inggris: Studi Eksperimental Berteknologi Semidaring

Riyanto

Darmayanti

Sutawikara

2017

sostek

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ABSTRAKPenelitian tentang pemahaman kalimat ini merupakan salah satu bidang kajian dalam psikolinguistik. Pengguna bahasa memiliki berbagai petunjuk (cue) untuk memahami kalimat, yakni urutan (nomina pertama sebagai pelaku/subjek), kebernyawaan (nomina bernyawa sebagai pelaku/subjek), dan kongruensi (nomina sebagai pelaku/subjek adalah nomina yang bersesuaian dengan verba dalam kalimat). Penelitian berancangan kuantitatif dengan peubah bebas dua kelompok pembahan, lima tipe kalimat (setiap tipe terdiri atas empat kalimat). Peubah terikatnya adalah pilihan nomina pertama atau kedua dan waktu yang digunakan untuk menentukan pilihan. Instrumen berteknologi aplikasi semi daring dirancang untuk pengambilan data. Hasilnya dianalisis menggunakan statistik berkaitan dengan rerata dan simpangan baku. Penelitian ini berhasil membuktikan bahwa pemahaman kalimat tidak bersifat semesta. Setiap kelompok penutur memiliki cara yang berbeda dalam memahami kalimat. Bobot relatif perangkat semantis (kebernyawaan) merupakan petunjuk terpenting pada kedua pembahan untuk menentukan pelaku perbuatan atau subjek kalimat, disusul urutan sebagai perangkat sintaktis, dan akhirnya kongruensi yang juga merupakan perangkat sintaktis. Kata Kunci: pemahaman kalimat, pelaku/subjek, perangkat sintaktis, perangkat semantis ABSTRACT This research on understanding sentences is an area of study in Psycholinguistics. Language users have various means of understanding sentences, i.e. the word order (the first noun as the actor/subject), animacy (animate nouns as the actor/ subject), and congruence (nouns as the actor/subject are ones that correspond to the verbs in the sentence). The design of the study is quantitative with the independent variables of two groups of respondents, five types of sentences (each type consists of four sentences

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“…Research on sentence comprehension in adult monolingual speakers has suggested that, in addition to the immediate integration of incoming words into a syntactic structure as a sentence unfolds, predictive processing also takes place, with predictions on incoming information forming even before the information appears in the input [4–6]. According to this view, sentence processing is “driven by the predictive relationships between verbs, their syntactic arguments, and the realworld contexts in which they occur” [5, p. 247].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

More than a mere sequence: predictive processing of wh-dependencies in early bilinguals

Kljajević

2016

Translational Neuroscience

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The purpose of the present study was to determine whether early bilingual Basque-Spanish speakers, who acquired Spanish by the age of 5, comprehend Spanish wh-dependences as effortlessly as native Spanish speakers. Given that Basque and Spanish are structurally different languages, we hypothesized that predictive processing strategies from the first language (L1) would interfere with predictive processing strategies in the second language (L2). More specifically, since Basque overtly marks the semantic role of agent/subject position, whereas Spanish overtly marks the role of patient/object position, we looked at whether the difference in overt marking of semantic roles would affect comprehension of subject vs. object quien “who” and qué “which” direct and embedded questions as well as subject vs. object relative clauses introduced by qué. The main finding of the study is that overall early Basque-Spanish bilinguals needed more time for the comprehension of wh-dependencies in Spanish compared to native Spanish speakers, as indicated by statistically significant group differences in response times in 9 out of 10 conditions. The results of this exploratory study indicate that a difference in overt marking of semantic roles between the two languages affects the ease of processing of Spanish wh-dependencies in early Basque-Spanish bilinguals, interfering with their ability to make native-like predictions in L2.

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The use of case marking for predictive processing in second language Japanese

Cited by 92 publications

References 78 publications

fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension

fMRI reveals language-specific predictive coding during naturalistic sentence comprehension

Kompetisi Antara Petunjuk Sintaktis Dan Semantis Dalam Pemahaman Bahasa Inggris: Studi Eksperimental Berteknologi Semidaring

More than a mere sequence: predictive processing of wh-dependencies in early bilinguals

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