The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity

Gianchecchi, Elena; Torelli, Alessandro; Montomoli, Emanuele

doi:10.1080/21645515.2019.1565269

Cited by 32 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Many lectins with antiviral properties have been discovered, with most being high-mannose-binding lectins directed against the heavily glycosylated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ( Mitchell et al., 2017 ). Griffithsin (GRFT), a lectin isolated from the red algae Griffithsia sp., is currently in clinical trials as a topical vaginal gel for the prevention of HIV ( Gianchecchi et al., 2019 ). A major obstacle for exogenous lectin treatment in vivo is their potential toxicity, as they may also recognize sugar moieties on host cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from the Edible Lablab Beans Effectively Blocks the Infections of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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Summary The influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and coronavirus spike (S) protein mediate virus entry. HA and S proteins are heavily glycosylated, making them potential targets for carbohydrate binding agents such as lectins. Here, we show that the lectin FRIL, isolated from hyacinth beans ( Lablab purpureus ), has anti-influenza and anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. FRIL can neutralize 11 representative human and avian influenza strains at low nanomolar concentrations, and intranasal administration of FRIL is protective against lethal H1N1 infection in mice. FRIL binds preferentially to complex-type N-glycans and neutralizes viruses that possess complex-type N-glycans on their envelopes. As a homotetramer, FRIL is capable of aggregating influenza particles through multivalent binding and trapping influenza virions in cytoplasmic late endosomes, preventing their nuclear entry. Remarkably, FRIL also effectively neutralizes SARS-CoV-2, preventing viral protein production and cytopathic effect in host cells. These findings suggest a potential application of FRIL for the prevention and/or treatment of influenza and COVID-19.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from the Edible Lablab Beans Effectively Blocks the Infections of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2020

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“…Ansaldi et al [32], for example, showed that in elderly subjects immunized with an adjuvanted trivalent IV, the correlation coefficient r between the mean-fold increase in neutralizing antibody titers (from pre-to post-vaccination) and the antigenic distance of several drifted A(H3N2) strains was substantially higher than the r between the corresponding mean-fold increase in HAI titers (0.701 vs. 0.501). Analogously, the use of CMI, which plays a crucial role in protecting against influenza by establishing the long-term immunological memory [18], may also positively "differentiate" the adjuvanted formulations from their non-adjuvanted counterparts. For instance, Zedda et al [33] found that adding an adjuvant to standard IVs induced a larger expansion of vaccine-specific CD4+ cells, and that this advantage was evident with regard to the drifted heterologous strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, cell-mediated immunity (CMI) plays an important role in the host immune response in protecting against virus-related illness and in establishing long-term immunological memory. Although correlates of protection are not currently available for CMI, it would be advisable to investigate this kind of immunological response with a view to evaluating next-generation vaccines [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity Measures of Influenza Vaccines: A Study of 1164 Registered Clinical Trials

et al. 2020

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Influenza carries an enormous burden each year. Annual influenza vaccination is the best means of reducing this burden. To be clinically effective, influenza vaccines must be immunogenic, and several immunological assays to test their immunogenicity have been developed. This study aimed to describe the patterns of use of the various immunological assays available to measure the influenza vaccine-induced adaptive immune response and to determine its correlates of protection. A total of 76.5% of the studies included in our analysis measured only the humoral immune response. Among these, the hemagglutination-inhibition assay was by far the most widely used. Other, less common, humoral immune response assays were: virus neutralization (21.7%), enzyme-linked immunosorbent (10.1%), single radial hemolysis (4.6%), and assays able to quantify anti-neuraminidase antibodies (1.7%). By contrast, cell-mediated immunity was quantified in only 23.5% of studies. Several variables were significantly associated with the use of single assays. Specifically, some influenza vaccine types (e.g., adjuvanted, live attenuated and cell culture-derived or recombinant), study phase and study sponsorship pattern were usually found to be statistically significant predictors. We discuss the principal findings and make some suggestions from the point of view of the various stakeholders.

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“…SRH detects the concentration of influenza-targeting antibodies by measuring a ring of hemolysis caused by the antibody-virus-erythrocyte complex activating the complement system [90]. While this method measures all serum antibodies against influenza surface antigens, it still does not recognize local mucosal immunity or cellmediated immunity, such as immunization strategies that target M1 or NP [91].…”

Section: Challenges For Universal Influenza Vaccine Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Better influenza vaccines: an industry perspective

et al. 2020

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Vaccination is the most effective measure at preventing influenza virus infections. However, current seasonal influenza vaccines are only protective against closely matched circulating strains. Even with extensive monitoring and annual reformulation our efforts remain one step behind the rapidly evolving virus, often resulting in mismatches and low vaccine effectiveness. Fortunately, many next-generation influenza vaccines are currently in development, utilizing an array of innovative techniques to shorten production time and increase the breadth of protection. This review summarizes the production methods of current vaccines, recent advances that have been made in influenza vaccine research, and highlights potential challenges that are yet to be overcome. Special emphasis is put on the potential role of glycoengineering in influenza vaccine development, and the advantages of removing the glycan shield on influenza surface antigens to increase vaccine immunogenicity. The potential for future development of these novel influenza vaccine candidates is discussed from an industry perspective.

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The use of cell-mediated immunity for the evaluation of influenza vaccines: an upcoming necessity

Cited by 32 publications

References 119 publications

A Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from the Edible Lablab Beans Effectively Blocks the Infections of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2

A Carbohydrate-Binding Protein from the Edible Lablab Beans Effectively Blocks the Infections of Influenza Viruses and SARS-CoV-2

Immunogenicity Measures of Influenza Vaccines: A Study of 1164 Registered Clinical Trials

Better influenza vaccines: an industry perspective

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