The Use Of Chemical Composition And Additives To Classify Petrol And Diesel Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry And Chemometric Analysis: A Uk Study

Abstract

The identification of the fuel found in a crime scene and establishing its source is important for forensic investigations. In this study petrol and diesel samples were analysed in order to identify chemical composition and additives with the aim of obtaining a set of markers or compounds that will allow forensic scientists to identify fuel sources. The study was performed using petrol and diesel sold in the city of Lincoln (UK) during four seasons (winter, spring, summer, autumn).Diesel samples, representing eight different brands were analyzed by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) and principal component analysis (PCA). From the GC–MS analytical results, MTBE and ETBE were identified as the additive more preferably added in super unleaded petrol samples that can be used to aid in separation and identification. In diesel, the distribution of FAME contents showed the effect of seasonal variation as these were found in all spring, summer and autumn samples, but not found in all winter ones. The selection of a reduced number of key fuel compounds and additives was also shown to be sufficient to achieve a high level of classification among the different fuel samples. Leave–one–out cross–validation was applied in order to validate the results.

Reproductive toxicity and biomaker response of male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) exposed to cuprous oxide and petrol

“…The PCV was significantly lower in the treated group and this indicates the development of an anaemic condition, this is in agreement with [15] that a suppressive effect of petroleum products on erythropoiesis. Reduction in the value of PCV and Hb has also been attributed to the inducement of bone hypoplasia by petroleum products [16 & 17].…”

Methyl ketones: a comprehensive study of a novel biofuel

“…Hence, in short storage, methyl ketones have a similar storability to winter diesel, which is more stable against microbial degradation than summer diesel due to additives for decreasing the melting point. 81,82 In longer storage experiments, methyl ketones have a reduced storability compared to diesel. This is probably due to the keto group at the C 2 position of the methyl ketones, which can serve as a starting point for enzymatic degradation.…”

Discrimination of Biodiesel-Diesel of B7 and B10 by Infrared Spectroscopy with Dendogram

“…For example, gasoline samples were studied using gas chromatography coupled with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) [8]. Next, chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) was used for the characterization of ninety-one samples of petrol, diesel, and biodiesel [9]. Variety of the obtained compounds in petrol, diesel, and biodiesel were detected with the help of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mass spectral search program for the NIST/EPA/NIH mass spectral library (version 2.0) [9].…”

“…Next, chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC−MS) was used for the characterization of ninety-one samples of petrol, diesel, and biodiesel [9]. Variety of the obtained compounds in petrol, diesel, and biodiesel were detected with the help of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) mass spectral search program for the NIST/EPA/NIH mass spectral library (version 2.0) [9]. Spectroscopy methods were often used to characterize fuels such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, [10] and 1 H-nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [11].…”