The use of cigarette equivalents to assess environmental tobacco smoke exposure

Ogden, Michael W.; Martín, Patricia A.

doi:10.1016/s0160-4120(96)00233-4

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…In the context of this personal monitoring study, where concentrations cannot be directly related to a speci®c environment, the term exposure is used as a measure of``potential inhaled quantity'' and was calculated as the product of the analyte concentration, the time subjected to such concentration and the breathing rate maintained throughout the period. A similar assumption was recently made by Ogden and Martin (1997), who noted that this provided``a more accurate accounting of total exposure among individuals as they engage in dierent activities in dierent microenvironments''. Where exposures have been quoted in terms of CE, these have been calculated in relation to the mainstream particle (tar) and nicotine yields of typical German cigarettes, although it is recognised that the particle phases of ETS and mainstream smoke dier considerably in composition and particle size.…”

Section: Exposures To Rsp Ets Particles and Nicotinesupporting

confidence: 54%

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Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany

Phillips

Howard

Bentley

et al. 1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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The most highly exposed workers, both living and working with smokers, would potentially inhale over 20 cigarette equivalents (CE) per annum as based on the upper decile levels. Housewives living with smokers could inhale up to 11 CE per annum as based on the upper decile levels. Locations outside the workplace, including the home, contribute most to overall RSP and ETS particle exposure. Consideration should be given to extending the personal monitoring period in cities where levels appear to be quite low.

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Section: Exposures To Rsp Ets Particles and Nicotinesupporting

confidence: 54%

“…In this publication, CEs are used solely for conceptual comparison of exposures between groups of nonsmokers. The factor (Ogden and Martin 1997) used to relate exposure of nonsmokers to that of smokers was not applied to the data.…”

Section: Exposures To Rsp Ets Particles and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany

Phillips

Howard

Bentley

et al. 1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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“…In this publication, CEs are used solely for conceptual comparison of exposure between groups of nonsmokers. In this context the factor used to relate the exposure of nonsmokers to smokers (Ogden and Martin 1997) was not required. Daily exposures in terms of PIQs (in micrograms), calculated for each subject group (cell) over the 24-h monitoring period, are summarised in Table 7.…”

Section: Potential Inhaled Quantities Of Rsp Ets Particles and Nicotinementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of environmental tobacco smoke and respirable suspended particle exposures for nonsmokers in Prague using personal monitoring

Phillips¹,

Bentley²,

Howard³

et al. 1998

International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health

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Highest exposures were apparent for office workers both working and living in smoking environments. and our findings suggest a significant contribution to overall ETS particle and nicotine levels from the workplace where smoking takes place. Overall, the rates at which subjects were determined to have misclassified their smoking status in this study were the lowest observed in any of the European cities investigated to date. Clearly, a more sensitive method of analysis for cotinine in body fluids is needed for more accurate determination of the levels expected for nonsmokers.

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“…The simulator accepts uploaded data from the PDA and shows X-ray-style images of smoke-affected lungs. The visualisations are based on the commonly used metric of cigarette equivalency (Figures 8b, 9a, and 11a) (Repace, 1993;Redhead, 1995;Ogden and Martin, 1997;Quan, 1998;Foley-Fisher and Strohecker, in preparation).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Designing for sensing, sensibilities, and sense-making

Strohecker¹

2005

IJKL

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During recent decades, miniaturisation and affordability of silicon chips have led to pervasiveness of devices for computation and communication. Now sensing technologies are becoming smaller and cheaper, and therefore more widely available to augment capabilities of mobile computational devices. These capabilities pose new challenges in designing tools and experiences for learning. Three experimental devices address such challenges as they enable collecting information from physical and social environments, and reflecting on its implications in personal and public spheres: 'Nature Trailer' is a locationaware story and decision-making tool for hikers; 'Smoke Rings' detects environmental tobacco smoke and projects potential consequences of prolonged exposures; and 'TexTales' co-opts cameras and mobile telephones as tools for developing public opinion.Keywords: sensors; mobile computing; learning tools; learning environments; constructivity design; multimodal representations; intermodal literacies.Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Strohecker, C. (2005) 'Designing for sensing, sensibilities, and sense-making', Int.

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The use of cigarette equivalents to assess environmental tobacco smoke exposure

Cited by 10 publications

References 58 publications

Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany

Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany

Assessment of environmental tobacco smoke and respirable suspended particle exposures for nonsmokers in Prague using personal monitoring

Designing for sensing, sensibilities, and sense-making

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