The use of cinnamon oil as antibacterial agent to eliminate some antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from water sources

Abstract

Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) are enzymes produced by Gram-negative microorganisms, which may be resistant to commonly used antibiotics. The purpose of this research was to estimate the bactericidal effects of cinnamon oil on ESBLproducing bacteria. In this study, 227 water samples were collected from wells in Hafr Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia. The samples were cultured on a cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient (CLED) medium. A MicroScan system was used to identify bacteria and also for antimicrobial susceptibility test. Activity of crud cinnamon oil and its fractions were detected by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the ESBL-producing bacteria. Morphological changes of the treated bacteria were observed and oil compounds was investigated. The culture was positive on the CLED medium in 170 out of 227 water samples. In 170 CLED-positive isolates, E. coli was the most common organism, followed by K. pneumoniae. The results showed that 100% of K. pneumoniae isolates were completely resistant to ampicillin (100%), then by mezlocillin (92.5%), cefazolin, and cefuroxime (77.5%). Also, 86.9% of E. coli isolates were the most resistant to ampicillin, followed by mezlocillin (83%). 82% of K. pneumoniae and 89% of E. coli isolates were confirmed by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) as ESBL-producers. The cinnamon oil activity was only concentrated in the oxygenated fraction. The MICs of the oxygenated fraction were 80 and 20 µl/mL at 10 5 CFU of ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae, respectively. This study indicated the antibacterial effects of cinnamon essential oil to eliminate some antibiotic-resistant bacteria from water.

Effect of Cinnamomum burmannii Bark Oil on Bacterial Count, Nuclear Factor of Kappa Beta (NF-Kβ/p65), Interleukin-6, and Chest Radiography in Rattus norvegicus with Pneumonia

“…Bacterial colonization of organs is strongly influenced by internal and external factors. 8,28 According to research by El-Farmawi et al (2021), the decrease in the number of bacterial colonies in organs is also influenced by the bactericidal effect of CbBO (The time-kill curve study showed that Cinnamon), which has an optimal bactericidal effect within 6-8 hours. Bacterial colonies will survive (survival rate <1%) within 4 hours after culture in the media, and some survive for more than 24 hours.…”

“…This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License the outer cell membrane. 5,8 The authors reported that cells exposed to CbBO expressed higher levels of oxidative stress, damaging the bacterial membrane through interactions with the lipid bilayer. 2,5 Several studies on the antibacterial effect of CbBO are in vitro studies that examined its MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) and MBC (Minimum Bactericidal Concentration).…”

“…Low MIC and MBC values indicate that CbBO has potent antibacterial activity. [8][9][10] The study on the anti-inflammatory effect of CbBO was done using in vivo assay methods, where CbBO was administered topically on the thighs of edematous rat models. The results of the studies showed that administering CbBO as a topical medication to edema wounds reduced the size of the lesions 11,12 This study aims to analyze the inhibitory effect of CbBO on bacterial counts and the expression of NF-Kβ/p65/Immunoreactive scores (IRS), Interleukin-6, and chest radiography of rats with pneumonia.…”

“…6,7 Eugenol causes disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane, increases nonspecific permeability, causes ion leakage, and excessive loss of other cellular components, including intracellular proteins, leading to cell death. 8 Cinnamaldehyde inhibits the ATPase enzyme and damages…”