The Use of Coconut Shells for the Removal of Dyes from Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

The main purpose of the work was to check the possibility of using coconut shells for the removal of the dyes popular in the textile industry from aqueous solutions. The sorption abilities of an unconventional sorbent were tested against four anionic dyes: Reactive Black 5, Reactive Yellow 84, Acid Yellow 23, Acid Red 18 as well as two cationic dyes: Basic Violet 10 and Basic Red 46. The scope of research included investigation pertaining to the effect of pH on the effectiveness of sorption of dyes, conducted in order to determine the time of equilibrium of sorption and determine the maximum sorption capacity of coconut shells with respect to pigments. The most favorable pH of sorption for the anionic dyes and Basic Violet 10 was pH 3 and for Basic Red 46 -pH 6. The equilibrium time of sorption was the shortest in the case of acidic dyes (Acid Yellow 23/ Acid Red 18 -45 min), while the longest in the case of alkaline dyes (Basic Red 46 -90 min, Basic Violet 10 -180 min). The sorption capacity of coconut shells in relation to anionic dyes was for Reactive Black 5 -0.82 mg/g, Reactive Yellow 84 -0.96 mg/g, Acid Yellow 23 -0.53 mg/g and for Acid Red 18 -0.66 mg/g. The tested sorbent showed much higher sorption capacity with respect to the cationic dyes, i.e. Basic Violet 10 (28.54 mg/g) and Basic Red 46 (68.52 mg/g).

Bioremediation of dyes using coconut parts via adsorption: a review

“…In fact, the adsorption of anionic dyes will be elevated by the impregnation of phosphoric acid on the dried coconut shell prepared by Ndifor-Angwafor et al [17] because the H + ions on the activated carbon provides sites to adsorb anionic dye molecules [45]. The result is in well agreement with the research conducted by Jóźwiak et al (2018) [44]. On the contrary, Islam et al [42] modified the activated carbon based coconut shell via hydrothermal and sodium hydroxide (COSHTC3) treatments which facilitates more negatively charged sites on its surface for the adsorption of cationic dyes.…”

“…Coconut shell was the predominantly used part for the removal of dyes from the waste water. There are three ways to modify the coconut shell prior to the removal of dyes, namely activated carbon [39][40][41][42][43], acid or base treatment [44,45], and as immobilizer for the bacteria [46]. Table 1 summarizes the physical parameters, adsorption kinetic and equilibrium isotherm of the modified coconut shell.…”

A Critical Insight into Biomass Derived Biosorbent for Bioremediation of Dyes

“…Another agricultural waste product frequently explored for dye sorption is coconut shell, coir, and other components. Jóźwiak et al [57] examined the possibility of using coconut shells for the remediation of Reactive Black 5 and Reactive yellow 84. At optimized pH 3, coconut shell sorbent exhibited sorption capacity of 0.96 and 0.82 mg/g for Reactive yellow 84 and Reactive black 5, respectively.…”

“…Reactive blue 4 423.7 [58] Coconut shells (local) Reactive black 5 0.82 [57] Coconut shells (local) Reactive yellow 84 0.96 [57] Corncobs (pretreated with ammonia)…”

“…Another agricultural waste product frequently explored for dye sorption is coconut shell, coir, and other components. Jóźwiak et al . examined the possibility of using coconut shells for the remediation of Reactive Black 5 and Reactive yellow 84.…”