The Use of Compact Discs for the Storage of Large Meteorological and Oceanographic Data Sets

Mass, Clifford F.; Edmon, Harold J.; Friedman, Harvey; Cheney, Noel R.; Recker, Ernest E.

doi:10.1175/1520-0477-68.12.1556

Cited by 40 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…To examine these cases further, we use a second data set that is archived on the NMC octagonal grid, and compiled on a compact disk (Mass et al 1987). This 47x51 grid of data consists of sea level pressure (SLP), 850hPa geopotential height and temperature, and 500hPa geopotential height and temperature, which are given at equally spaced points on a polar stereographic projection, true at 60N, where the points are separated by a distance of 381km.…”

Section: Methodology and Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diagnostic Study of the Early Phases of Sixteen Western North-Pacific Cyclones

Kelly

Gyakum

Zhang

et al. 1994

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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We study the phenomenon of rapid cyclogenesis by examining the time evolution of the synopticscale environment for the 36-h period prior to most rapid intensification. We perform this study with the construction of composites for eight explosively-developing cyclones whose maximum intensification commences within a 5 latitude-longitude region in the vicinity of the Kuroshio Current. A comparison is made with corresponding composites of eight weakly-developing lows within the same region. The set of 16 cases is a comprehensive sample of events for nine cold seasons. Synoptic-scale features for the strong cases, distinct from those of the weaker cases, are detected throughout the 36-h dynamical conditioning period.The stronger cases form to the south and west of Japan with antecedent propagation predominately over the maritime environment. The weaker systems, in contrast, either form in situ in our study region, or travel eastward from the Sea of Japan over the Island of Honshu. The unique thermodynamic precursors of the stronger systems include: a warm 1000-500hPa thickness anomaly that travels from the East China Sea northeastward into the Kuroshio region, and a cold thickness anomaly and thermal jet east of our study area. The dynamical consequence of the warm anomaly includes the development of an anomalous southwesterly thermal wind to the northwest where incipient surface development occurs.We examine a representative strong case in which initial surface development occurs to the northwest of the warm anomaly in a zone of quasi-geostrophic forcing for ascent. The system subsequently propagates into a favorable location for further development downstream of a second 500hPa trough within the northwesterly polar jet. At the onset of explosive deepening, the cyclone is propagating towards a second region of anomalously cold air and strong baroclinity.

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Section: Methodology and Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Diagnostic Study of the Early Phases of Sixteen Western North-Pacific Cyclones

Kelly

Gyakum

Zhang

et al. 1994

Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan

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“…First, the National Meteorological Center (NMC) (now the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, or NCEP) gridded analyses of geopotential height, temperature, u and v wind vector components, relative humidity, vertical motion (all at selected mandatory levels), and sea-level pressure archived on CD-ROM 1 (Mass et al, 1987) were used to investigate the role of the planetaryscale forcing in the antecedent conditions leading to this block. The upper-air fields are arranged on grids at selected mandatory levels, while the 500-hPa vertical motions are model 6-h first guess fields calculated using the NCEP global spectral model.…”

Section: A Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An analysis of a relatively rare case of continental blocking

Lupo

Bosart

1999

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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A planetary and synoptic-scale analysis of a relatively rare continental blocking event that occurred over North America during the spring of 1980 are undertaken to determine whether or not this event was different from its counterparts which occur over oceanic regions. The planetary-scale analysis demonstrates that, during the spring season, a ridge was located further inland over the North American continent and amplified with respect to climatology. The position of this ridge may have been linked to a broad region of colder-than-normal SSTs found over the north central Pacific during the spring season and much of the previous winter. Simple "Sutcliffe-type" and thermodynamic analyses of the accompanying lower tropospheric warm anomaly associated with the ridging shows that lower tropospheric temperature advection and subsidence associated with anticyclonic vorticity advection by the time mean thermal wind produced much of the anomalous warmth.A simple synoptic-scale analysis was performed using both the Zwack-Okossi (ZO) equation and potential vorticity (PV) thinking approaches. These complementary analyses demonstrated that synoptic-scale cyclones were instrumental in the formation and maintenance (and/or intensification) of this blocking event. The PV analysis demonstrated that low-PV air was swept poleward and then was advected over the blocking region sustaining the broad region of low potential vorticity associated with the block over North America. The ZO analysis showed that the advection of anticyclonic vorticity was the most important mechanism forcing geopotential height rises at 500 hPa over the block center. The region of low PV and ZO height rises could be associated with the anticyclonic shear side of an upstream jet maximum typically found in association with developing and/or intensifying blocking event. Thus, negative PV advection correlated significantly with calculated ZO height rises. Finally, it is suggested that a favorable phase-relationship between the upstream cyclones and the large-scale ridge is necessary for block development or intensification.

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“…We used daily values from the period 1 October to 30 June 1989. The fields originate from an updated version of an older NCAR analysis project (see Mass et al 1987). From the PCs of each individual field, the combination uses the first 14 and 25 entries, respectively, which each explain 90% of the total field variance; the annual cycle was removed beforehand.…”

Section: Testing the Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linear versus nonlinear techniques in downscaling

Weichert

Bürger²

1998

Clim. Res.

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Standard linear and nonlinear downscaling models are compared using identical atmospheric circulation forcing fields. The target variables chosen were observed daily values of average temperature (TAV), precipitation (PRC), and vapor pressure (HPR) at a Central European station. Being without much sophistication, both models show acceptable performance on this time scale only for TAV and HPR; PRC, which behaves in a predominantly nonlinear fashion, handled very poorly. By considerably refining the evaluation it is nevertheless possible to distinguish significant differences between the 2 models and, with the nonlinear model, to describe specific rainfall conditions. We argue that this difference is caused by the limitations of the linear approach, and discuss how this might affect the downscaling of nonlinear quantities in general.

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The Use of Compact Discs for the Storage of Large Meteorological and Oceanographic Data Sets

Cited by 40 publications

References 2 publications

A Diagnostic Study of the Early Phases of Sixteen Western North-Pacific Cyclones

A Diagnostic Study of the Early Phases of Sixteen Western North-Pacific Cyclones

An analysis of a relatively rare case of continental blocking

Linear versus nonlinear techniques in downscaling

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