The Use of Compression Stockings During a Marathon Competition to Reduce Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage: Are They Really Useful?

Abstract

Therapy, level 2b.

Calf Compression Sleeves Change Biomechanics but Not Performance and Physiological Responses in Trail Running

“…We also observed no effect of compression effect in DOMS up to 7 days after the test, which extends the findings of several other studies (Ali et al, 2011; Bovenschen et al, 2013; Driller and Halson, 2013; Areces et al, 2015; Chan et al, 2016). However, this result differs to that of Bieuzen et al (2014), where the DOMS measured 1-h and 24-h POST trail running were likely to be lower in the compression condition.…”

“…Positive effects in performance have also been noted in incremental tests (Kemmler et al, 2009; Sear et al, 2010), repeated sprinting (Higgins et al, 2009; Born et al, 2014), and jumping height following submaximal exercise (Rugg and Sternlicht, 2013; Bieuzen et al, 2014) or after a 10 km run (Ali et al, 2011). Conversely, other studies have reported no measurable effect on limb volume (Areces et al, 2015), fractional oxygen utilization (Kemmler et al, 2009; Wahl et al, 2011; Born et al, 2014; Priego Quesada et al, 2015; Stickford et al, 2015), muscle oxygenation or blood flow (Vercruyssen et al, 2012; Born et al, 2014), heart rate or indicators of central cardiovascular adaptations (Ali et al, 2007; Sperlich et al, 2011; Wahl et al, 2011; Vercruyssen et al, 2012; Born et al, 2014; Priego Quesada et al, 2015), lactate or exercise metabolite removal (Kemmler et al, 2009; Ali et al, 2010; Sperlich et al, 2011; Wahl et al, 2011; Vercruyssen et al, 2012; Areces et al, 2015), ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) or DOMS (Ali et al, 2007, 2010; Bovenschen et al, 2013; Areces et al, 2015; Priego Quesada et al, 2015), running economy and gait kinematics (Varela-Sanz et al, 2011; Stickford et al, 2015; Vercruyssen et al, 2016), maximal voluntary and evoked contractions (Vercruyssen et al, 2016), as well as performance in repeated sprinting (Duffield et al, 2008), or in running performed at maximal (Ali et al, 2007; Priego Quesada et al, 2015) and at sub-maximal exercise intensities (Ali et al, 2007, 2011; Wahl et al, 2011; Vercruyssen et al, 2012; Priego Quesada et al, 2015). This abundant but heterogeneous literature may underline probable task-dependent ergogenic effects of the compression when used during exercise.…”

“…Because minimizing musculo-skeletal damage and fatigue is considered paramount for performance in trail running (Millet, 2011), and since prolonged running on trails has been shown to alter footstrike patterns and gait biomechanics (Morin et al, 2011b; Vernillo et al, 2014; Giandolini et al, 2016), it is possible that compression garments have beneficial effects in situations maximizing the exposure to fatigue, shocks and vibrations, such as prolonged running exercise performed on trails with pronounced elevation gain and loss. Despite the increased popularity of trail running over short and long distances, there is only limited evidence available on the effects of compression garments worn during running on trails with uphill and downhill sections (Vercruyssen et al, 2012, 2016; Bieuzen et al, 2014), or for road running for durations longer than ~90 min (Areces et al, 2015). These studies indicate that while compression garments worn during trail running may reduce muscle soreness post-run and the recovery of lower limb power capacity (Bieuzen et al, 2014), there has currently been no evidence of the ergogenic effect of compression garments on the running pace and performance (Vercruyssen et al, 2012; Bieuzen et al, 2014; Vercruyssen et al, 2016).…”

Optimum polygenic profile to resist exertional rhabdomyolysis during a marathon

“…This cutoff point for serum CK concentration was based on a previous investigation that suggested this value as the break point for CK release after endurance exercise [6, 27]. Besides, average serum CK concentration of previous investigations in this same marathon and with participants of the same characteristics (e.g., amateur marathoners) was ~445 U·L -1 [7, 28] which suggests the adequacy of the cutoff point to identify low and high CK responders.…”

Použitie kompresného oblečenia u bežcov: áno, nie?

“…Odborná literatúra k danej problematike najčastejšie hodnotí parametre a to hodnotu laktátu, hodnotu kreatínkinázy, svalovú silu, rozsah pohybu, regeneráciu a subjektívne vnímanie bolesti (A. Ali, Caine, & Snow, 2007;Areces et al, 2015;Born, Sperlich, & Holmberg, 2013;Bovenschen, Booij, & van der Vleuten, 2013;). Na druhej strane, snaha o jasné zdôvodnenie primárnej otázky týkajúcej sa presnej odpovede o využiteľnosti KO u bežcov je veľmi problematická vzhľadom k pohlaviu, rozdielnym testovacím protokolom, dizajnom výskumu, veľkosti použitej kompresie, časovej expozícii nosenia KP/KNTSL, výkonnosti športovca, ale i mierou využívanej regenerácie (A.…”