The use of deep water cooling systems: Two Canadian examples

Newman, Lenore; Herbert, Yuill

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2008.04.022

Cited by 29 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Deepwater reservoirs have a more significant impact on mitigating the ambient temperature compared to shallow reservoirs [ 141 , 142 ]. Theeuwes et al [ 135 ] argue that deep reservoirs with well-mixed water bring more significant thermal effects than reservoirs in which water is not intensively mixed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Theeuwes et al [ 135 ] argue that deep reservoirs with well-mixed water bring more significant thermal effects than reservoirs in which water is not intensively mixed. However, in the case of increased UHI intensity, even shallow water objects can cool the temperature in their surroundings [ 141 ]. This ability is due to the possibility of thermal exchange with the entire water column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The problem in this case, however, is fast evaporation—the reservoir must have a constant water supply in order not to dry out [ 142 ]. Due to the limited free space in the city and for security reasons, it is suggested to create structures composed of shallow (small) water reservoirs, ponds, and water gardens—in particular as part of a sustainable drainage system for urban areas [ 141 , 142 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone

Antoszewski

Świerk

Krzyżaniak

2020

IJERPH

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Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect relates to the occurrence of a positive heat balance, compared to suburban and extra-urban areas in a high degree of urbanized cities. It is necessary to develop effective UHI prevention and mitigation strategies, one of which is blue-green infrastructure (BGI). Most research work comparing impact of BGI parameters on UHI mitigation is based on data measured in different climate zones. This makes the implication of nature-based solutions difficult in cities with different climate zones due to the differences in the vegetation time of plants. The aim of our research was to select the most statistically significant quality parameters of BGI elements in terms of preventing UHI. The normative four-step data delimitation procedure in systematic reviews related to UHI literature was used, and temperate climate (C) zone was determined as the UHI crisis area. As a result of delimitation, 173 publications qualified for literature review were obtained (488 rejected). We prepared a detailed literature data analysis and the CVA model—a canonical variation of Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Our research has indicated that the BGI object parameters are essential for UHI mitigation, which are the following: area of water objects and green areas, street greenery leaf size (LAI), green roofs hydration degree, and green walls location. Data obtained from the statistical analysis will be used to create the dynamic BGI modeling algorithm, which is the main goal of the series of articles in the future.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone

Antoszewski

Świerk

Krzyżaniak

2020

IJERPH

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“…Hereby, the expense on external energy (electricity) may be less than a fourth of the heat yield [Lund et al, 2004]. Lakes have also been used for thermal discharge of small and large cooling systems [e.g., Newman andHerbert, 2009 andSarauskiene, 2002, respectively]. For current installations (Table 1), heat discharges vary from a few W m 22 from heat pumps to more than 50 W m 22 from nuclear power plants [Lake Stechlin, Germany; Kirillin et al, 2013].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large lakes as sources and sinks of anthropogenic heat: Capacities and limits

Fink

Schmid

Wüest

2014

Water Resources Research

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The goal of reducing carbon fuel and thereby saving energy will increase the use of lake water for heating and cooling of riparian infrastructures. This raises the question of which heat use designs meet the ecological and technical requirements for lakes, particularly in regard to climate warming. Thus, this study explores heat use effects on the temperature and stratification of a large, deep, temperate lake by applying the one-dimensional k-epsilon model SIMSTRAT to various forcing scenarios. Several design parameters, such as extraction and discharge depth, and their effects were assessed. Additionally, 21st century climate projections were used to evaluate the effects of climate change relative to those of heat use. Generally, the study showed only minor effects for a realistic heat demand of 62 W m 22 quite independent of the heat extraction/discharge modes. Mean water temperature changed less than 60.2 C as long as there was no discharge into the deepest layers. Water extraction and discharge at the surface had the least thermal influence. To relate to climate change, heat use was scaled up to 185 W m 22 . Resultant simulations showed that such (unrealistic) anthropogenic, lake-based ''thermal pollution'' would have a comparable influence to that of climate change. Conversely, heat extraction could damp or even compensate climateinduced warming. The present study concludes that (i) there are minor effects on water temperatures, stratification, and seasonal mixing due to heat use of up to 62 W m 22 and (ii) those influences are insignificant relative to the expected climate change.

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“…Renewable electricity such as solar PV, wind power and hydropower can also be used for DHC by equipping electric boilers and compression chillers in generation plants to convert renewable electricity into heat and cold. Natural cooling from deep sea, lakes and rivers is another interesting option for DC given their relatively stable temperature, as evidenced by their successfully use in Sweden [59], Canada [60] and China [61]. Most of the DHC networks are established in urban cities with high population densities, making it difficult to rely on renewable energy [58].…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

Liu

Rezgui

Zhu

2017

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

133

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Optimization and Enhancement of DHC networks to reduce (a) fossil fuel consumption, CO 2 emission, and heat losses across the network, while (b) increasing return on investment, forming key challenges faced by decision makers in the fast developing energy landscape. While the academic literature is abundant of research based on field experiments, simulations, optimization strategies and algorithms etc., there is a lack of a comprehensive review that addresses the multi-faceted dimensions of the optimization and enhancement of DHC systems with a view to promote integration of smart grids, energy storage and increased share of renewable energy. The paper focuses on four areas: energy generation, energy distribution, heat substations, and terminal users, identifying state-of-the-art methods and solutions, while paving the way for future research.

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The use of deep water cooling systems: Two Canadian examples

Cited by 29 publications

References 9 publications

Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone

Statistical Review of Quality Parameters of Blue-Green Infrastructure Elements Important in Mitigating the Effect of the Urban Heat Island in the Temperate Climate (C) Zone

Large lakes as sources and sinks of anthropogenic heat: Capacities and limits

District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid

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