The Use of Dexamethasone Trimethylacetate to Advance Parturition in Dairy Cows

Bailey, L. F.; McLennan, M. W.; McLean, D. M.; Hartford, Patricia R.; Munro, Golda L.

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1973.tb06735.x

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The interval from induction to parturition of about 11 days found in this study agrees with the findings of others, 5,16,17 as does the variation observed in this interval. Although the stage of gestation at the time of induction has some effect on this latent period, with shorter latent periods associated with the induction of cattle closer to natural term, the stage of gestation is not a reliable predictor of response.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Induction of parturition in dairy cattle and its effects on health and subsequent lactation and reproductive performance

et al. 2006

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The practice of induction of parturition in seasonal calving dairy herds is a reliable way of shortening the gestation period of cows. Costs associated with morbidity and mortality of induced cows and losses in lactation and calf production are offset by benefits of improved reproductive performance and more efficient management of the herd. The welfare aspects of induction on calf survival must be considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Induction of parturition in dairy cattle and its effects on health and subsequent lactation and reproductive performance

et al. 2006

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“…injections of the phosphate and acetate esters of dexamethasone respectively. The marked differences in release pattern between the soluble and insoluble dexamethasone esters probably explains why the former preparation can provoke parturition in cows in 2-3 days (Adams and Wagner 1970;Jochle 1973) whereas the latter preparation takes 10-14 days (Bailey et al 1973;Welch et al 1973).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Administration of a soluble dexamethasone (9-ftuoro-ll,17,21-trihydroxy-16-methyl-1,4-pregna-diene-3,20-dione), preparation to cows during late gestation provokes premature calving within 2-3 days (Adams and Wagner 1970;IOchle 1973) whereas insoluble ester derivatives of dexamethasone such as Opticortenol (dexamethasone-21 trim ethyl acetate) induces delivery within 10-14 days (Bailey et al 1973;Welch et al 1973). Some evidence that these differences in the actions of the soluble and insoluble esters are due to differences in the effective duration of the drug in blood has been obtained from studies which estimate the time the drug takes to elevate blood glucose concentrations (Heindrich et al 1963;W oollett and Evans 1971).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dexamethasone Concentrations in Plasma and Milk of Cows Following the Injection of Long- and Short-Acting Dexamethasone Esters

Fairclough¹,

Hunter²,

Welch³

1981

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of dexamethasone in plasma and milk of cows injected with long-and short-acting dexamethasone esters. Dexamethasone antiserum was produced by injecting cows with a dexamethasone-21-hemisuccinate-human serum albumin complex. The antisera was highly specific for dexamethasone, cross-reacting less than 0·7 % for all endogenous steroids tested.Plasma concentrations of dexamethasone in cows injected intramuscularly with either 20 mg dexamethasone-21 trimethyl acetate (n = 2) or the tributyl derivative (n = 2) reached a peak level of 0·6-1 . 1 ng/ml in 2-6 days then declined to undetectable levels ( < O· 15 ng/ml) by 14 days after injection. In general, dexamethasone concentrations in milk were 0·3--0·5 times the plasma concentrations but showed the same pattern of values.Plasma dexamethasone concentrations were also determined in three lactating dairy cows injected intramuscularly with tritiated dexamethasone-21 trimethyl acetate. In these cows plasma dexamethasone concentrations, as determined by isotopic dilution, reached maximal levels of 1· 1-1 ·6 ng/ml in 1-3 days then declined to levels of around 0·05 ng/ml within 30 days. The concentrations of dexamethasone in milk of two of these cows were, in general, similar to those found in plasma.In three cows injected intramuscularly with 20 mg dexamethasone sodium phosphate the concentrations of dexamethasone in plasma rose sharply to maximum levels of 24-70 ng/ml within 2-20 min after injection and fell to undetectable levels ( < O· 15 ng/ml) after 72 h.

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“…This suggests that immature intestinal enterocytes only require a short-term exposure to high glucocorticoid levels to express their full endocytotic potential. Treatment of pregnant cows with a long-acting glucocorticoid does not prevent the reduction in immunoglobulin absorption in calves caused by premature birth (Bailey et al 1973, Husband et al 1973. This can be explained by an immaturity of the intestine as immunoglobulin absorption is normal in calves following glucocorticoid induced birth close to normal term (Muller et al 1975).…”

Section: The Role Of Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uptake of Colostral Immunoglobulins by the Compromised Newborn Farm Animal

Sangild¹

2003

Acta Vet Scand

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Neonatal mortality is very high in farm animals (~10%) and disease resistance is greatly influenced by an adequate passive immunisation just after birth. In piglets, foals, calves and lambs, the intestinal absorption of immunoglobulins from their mother's colostrum occurs mainly by a non-specific endocytosis of macromolecules, but the details of the absorption process, and the mechanisms regulating its cessation after 1–2 days of colostrum exposure, remain poorly understood. In both normal and 'compromised' (premature, growth-retarded, hypoxic, lethargic) newborn farm animals, the intestinal capacity to absorb macromolecules is influenced by both diet- and animal-related factors. Thus, macromolecule uptake is severely reduced in response to premature birth and when macromolecules are to be absorbed from diets other than species-specific colostrum. On the other hand, fetal growth retardation, in vitro embryo production, or a stressful birth process are unlikely to reduce the ability of the intestine to absorb immunoglobulins from colostrum. More knowledge about the diet- and animal-related factors affecting intestinal immunoglobulin uptake will improve the clinical care of 'compromised' newborn farm animals. The present text gives a brief introduction to the process of intestinal immunoglobulin absorption in large farm animals and describe some recent results from the author's own studies in pigs, calves and lambs.

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The Use of Dexamethasone Trimethylacetate to Advance Parturition in Dairy Cows

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

Induction of parturition in dairy cattle and its effects on health and subsequent lactation and reproductive performance

Induction of parturition in dairy cattle and its effects on health and subsequent lactation and reproductive performance

Dexamethasone Concentrations in Plasma and Milk of Cows Following the Injection of Long- and Short-Acting Dexamethasone Esters

Uptake of Colostral Immunoglobulins by the Compromised Newborn Farm Animal

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