The use of DiazaCon<sup>™</sup>to limit fertility by reducing serum cholesterol in female grey squirrels,<i>Sciurus carolinensis</i>

Mayle, B.; Ferryman, Mark; Peace, Andrew; Yoder, Christi A.; Miller, Lowell A.; Cowan, David P.

doi:10.1002/ps.3347

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Following ingestion of DiazaCon for 1-2 weeks, reproduction was suppressed for a few months in black-tailed prairie dogs, roseringed parakeets (Psittacula krameri) and monk parakeets (Myiopsitta monachus) (Nash et al 2007;Yoder et al 2007Yoder et al , 2011Avery et al 2008;Lambert et al 2010). DiazaCon also reduced cholesterol in grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), although the effects on reproduction were difficult to interpret because of poor breeding success in the control group (Mayle et al 2013). DiazaCon has a relatively narrow contraceptive window before undesirable side effects on physiology and behaviour occur (Sachs and Wolfman 1965;Yoder et al 2004Yoder et al , 2007.…”

Section: Other Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. As human populations grow, conflicts with wildlife increase. Concurrently, concerns about the welfare, safety and environmental impacts of conventional lethal methods of wildlife management restrict the options available for conflict mitigation. In parallel, there is increasing interest in using fertility control to manage wildlife. The present review aimed at analysing trends in research on fertility control for wildlife, illustrating developments in fertility-control technologies and delivery methods of fertility-control agents, summarising the conclusions of empirical and theoretical studies of fertility control applied at the population level and offering criteria to guide decisions regarding the suitability of fertility control to mitigate human-wildlife conflicts. The review highlighted a growing interest in fertility control for wildlife, underpinned by increasing numbers of scientific studies. Most current practical applications of fertility control for wild mammals use injectable single-dose immunocontraceptive vaccines mainly aimed at sterilising females, although many of these vaccines are not yet commercially available. One oral avian contraceptive, nicarbazin, is commercially available in some countries. Potential new methods of remote contraceptive delivery include bacterial ghosts, virus-like particles and genetically modified transmissible and non-transmissible organisms, although none of these have yet progressed to field testing. In parallel, new species-specific delivery systems have been developed. The results of population-level studies of fertility control indicated that this approach may increase survival and affect social and spatial behaviour of treated animals, although the effects are species-and context-specific. The present studies suggested that a substantial initial effort is generally required to reduce population growth if fertility control is the sole wildlife management method. However, several empirical and field studies have demonstrated that fertility control, particularly of isolated populations, can be successfully used to limit population growth and reduce human-wildlife conflicts. In parallel, there is growing recognition of the possible synergy between fertility control and disease vaccination to optimise the maintenance of herd immunity in the management of wildlife diseases. The review provides a decision tree that can be used to determine whether fertility control should be employed to resolve specific human-wildlife conflicts. These criteria encompass public consultation, considerations about animal welfare and feasibility, evaluation of population responses, costs and sustainability.

show abstract

Section: Other Contraceptivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

2014

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In species such as the eastern grey squirrels that show two distinct peaks of reproduction per year (Mayle et al. 2013), a contraceptive which affects reproduction for a few months should be administered twice per year. Oral contraceptives generally require multiple doses to be effective for at least a few months, with extremes that range from 3 to 7 days of treatment for synthetic steroids such as quinestrol and EP‐1 in striped field mice (Chen et al.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unpalatable baits result in animals consuming insufficient quantities of the compound intended to inhibit their reproduction. Several methods are available for improving palatability, ranging from adding sugar or fats through to encapsulation and use of taste-masking agents routinely employed by the pharmaceutical industry (Mayle et al 2013;Zheng et al 2018;Kang et al 2022;Stuart et al 2022).…”

Section: E Palatability: Is the Contraceptive Palatable?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Fertility control is often heralded as a humane and effective technique for management of overabundant wildlife, including rodents. The intention is to reduce the use of lethal and inhumane methods, increase farm productivity and food security as well as reduce disease transmission, particularly of zoonoses. We developed a framework to guide researchers and stakeholders planning to assess the effectiveness of a potential contraceptive agent for a particular species. Our guidelines describe the overarching research questions which must be sequentially addressed to ensure adequate data are collected so that a contraceptive can be registered for use in broad‐scale rodent management. The framework indicates that studies should be undertaken iteratively and, at times, in parallel, with initial research being conducted on (1) laboratory‐based captive assessments of contraceptive effects in individuals; (2) simulation of contraceptive delivery using bait markers and/or surgical sterilization of different proportions of a field‐based or enclosure population to determine how population dynamics are affected; (3) development of mathematical models which predict the outcomes of different fertility control scenarios; and (4) implementation of large‐scale, replicated trials to validate contraceptive efficacy under various management‐scale field situations. In some circumstances, fertility control may be most effective when integrated with other methods (e.g. some culling). Assessment of non‐target effects, direct and indirect, and the environmental fate of the contraceptive must also be determined. Developing fertility control for a species is a resource‐intensive commitment but will likely be less costly than the ongoing environmental and economic impacts by rodents and rodenticides in many contexts.

show abstract

“…Another product, OvoControl, is registered for overabundant Canada goose (Branta canadensis) control . However, no products have been registered in the U.S. for rodent fertility control, although several materials have shown promise including GonaCon and diazacon (Mayle et al 2013;Nash et al 2007;Yoder and Miller 2011). Several other compounds and approaches have shown promise for fertility control of rodents (German 1985;Seeley and Reynolds 1989;Jacob et al 2006;Zhao et al 2007).…”

Section: Fertility Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perspectives on Existing and Potential New Alternatives to Anticoagulant Rodenticides and the Implications for Integrated Pest Management

Witmer¹

2017

Emerging Topics in Ecotoxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The use of DiazaCon^™to limit fertility by reducing serum cholesterol in female grey squirrels,Sciurus carolinensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

Perspectives on Existing and Potential New Alternatives to Anticoagulant Rodenticides and the Implications for Integrated Pest Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The use of DiazaCon™to limit fertility by reducing serum cholesterol in female grey squirrels,Sciurus carolinensis

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Fertility control to mitigate human–wildlife conflicts: a review

Developing fertility control for rodents: a framework for researchers and practitioners

Perspectives on Existing and Potential New Alternatives to Anticoagulant Rodenticides and the Implications for Integrated Pest Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The use of DiazaCon^™to limit fertility by reducing serum cholesterol in female grey squirrels,Sciurus carolinensis