The use of digital image correlation for identifying failure characteristics of cross-laminated timber under transverse loading

Navaratnam, Satheeskumar; Ngo, Tuan; Christopher, Philip; Linforth, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2020.107502

Cited by 39 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Contrariwise, in the shear flexure test, stress failure occurred in lower layers (L5), whereas in L4 it presented higher delamination. These results agree with the failure types reported by Navaratnam et al [51] in 3-and 5-layer CLT panels in Pinus radiata.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…3). However, the values of Fb and Fv in 3-layer CLT panels offered better performance in rolling shear, since resistance to shear increases as the span-todepth decreases [51]. The span-to-depth in 3-layers, it was approximately 0.025, and 0.042 in 5-layer panels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Failure mechanisms in CLT panels either in flexure test or compression are unpredictable and unconventional and in most cases, occur close to the panel's maximum load [50]. In flexure, when the CLT panel is subjected to a load, it experiments shear stresses perpendicular to the grain inside the orthogonally oriented laminates [52]-a mechanism called "rolling shear stress"-causing tensile and delamination failures [51]. In this study, CLT panels of both species (G. arborea and T. grandis) showed both types of failure (Figs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Mu駉z¹,

Moya²,

Moya³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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Fabrication and use of Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) using tropical woods is still limited at present. Therefore objective of the present study aims to determine the possibility of using CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers, fabricated with Tectona grandis and Gmelina arborea wood using adhesive of isocyanate polymer emulsion system catalyzed with polymeric isocyanate. Delamination, water absorption, density, flexure test, compression and glue-line shear were evaluated using ANSI/APA PRG320-2012 ASTM D198 and ASTM D4761 standard. The results showed that CLT panels of T. grandis presented higher values of density, less water absorption and lower delamination, with no evident differences between the CLT of 3 and 5 layers. The high density of T. grandis resulted in higher values of the mechanical properties. The flatwise and edgewise flexure tests in 5-layer CLT panels of both species presented higher values of bending stiffness compared to those of 3-layer CLT panels. Further the bending stress values in 3-layer CLT panels were higher than for 5-layer CLT panels. As for shear stress in bending flatwise, in both species, 3-layer CLT surpassed 5-layer CLT panels, but in the edgewise test no differences were observed. The MOE and Fc in the compression test were superior in relation to the edgewise test. MOE and Fc in compression flatwise in 3-layer CLT was greater than in 5-layer CLT in both species, but edgewise these values were higher in 5-layer CLT panels. The most common failures were stress and delamination in the flexure test, whereas in the compression test these were: shearing, splitting and crushing. In the glue-line shear test no differences were observed between CLT panels of 3 and 5 layers for both species.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Mu駉z¹,

Moya²,

Moya³

et al. 2022

Journal of Renewable Materials

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“…However, this specific orientation under out-of-plane loading shows significant planar (rolling) shear deformations because, in the radial-tangential (RT) plane, wood has a relatively low shear modulus. To address this issue, many studies have been performed, including the measurement of the planar shear properties [12], improvement of the planar shear properties [13] and evaluation of the effects of CLT configuration and manufacturing parameters on the shear and bending properties of CLT [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental study on bending and shear behaviours of composite timber sandwich panels

Darzi

Karampour

Baillères³

et al. 2020

Construction and Building Materials

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“…With the application of the digital image correlation (DIC) method, the strain change of a material during the force loading process can be monitored without contact. The DIC method can convert the full-field strain information into an image, which intuitively reflects the stress concentration state of the material, so as to predict the damage location [ 15 ] and reveal the cause of the damage [ 16 ]. At present, the DIC method has been widely used to study the failure mechanism of wood [ 17 ] and bamboo [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compressive Failure Mechanism of Structural Bamboo Scrimber

et al. 2021

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Bamboo scrimber is one of the most popular engineering bamboo composites, owing to its excellent physical and mechanical properties. In order to investigate the influence of grain direction on the compression properties and failure mechanism of bamboo scrimber, the longitudinal, radial and tangential directions were selected. The results showed that the compressive load–displacement curves of bamboo scrimber in the longitudinal, tangential and radial directions contained elastic, yield and failure stages. The compressive strength and elastic modulus of the bamboo scrimber in the longitudinal direction were greater than those in the radial and tangential directions, and there were no significant differences between the radial and tangential specimens. The micro-fracture morphology shows that the parenchyma cells underwent brittle shear failure in all three directions, while the fiber failure of the longitudinal compressive specimens consisted of ductile fracture, and the tangential and radial compressive specimens exhibited brittle fracture. This is one of the reasons that the deformation of the specimens under longitudinal compression was greater than those under tangential and radial compression. The main failure mode of bamboo scrimber under longitudinal and radial compression was shear failure, and the main failure mode under tangential compression was interlayer separation failure. The reason for this difference was that during longitudinal and radial compression, the maximum strain occurred at the diagonal of the specimen, while during tangential compression, the maximum strain occurred at the bonding interface. This study can provide benefits for the rational design and safe application of bamboo scrimber in practical engineering.

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The use of digital image correlation for identifying failure characteristics of cross-laminated timber under transverse loading

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

CLT Fabricated with Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis Wood from Fast-Growth Forest Plantations: Physical and Mechanical Properties

Experimental study on bending and shear behaviours of composite timber sandwich panels

Compressive Failure Mechanism of Structural Bamboo Scrimber

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