The use of digital technology to improve and monitor handwashing among children 12 years or younger in educational settings: a scoping review

Ofori, Sylvia K.; Hung, Yuen Wai; Schwind, Jessica S; Muniz-Rodriguez, Kamalich; Kakou, Reece J.; Alade, Sunmisola E.; Diallo, Kadiatou; Sullivan, Kelly L.; Cowling, Benjamin J.; Fung, Isaac Chun-Hai

doi:10.1080/09603123.2020.1784398

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…It is important for the children to understand how to perform handwashing in a correct way and provide the right tools to be able to do so [ 10 ]. Digital technologies such as computer games, videos, and video cameras have shown to improve and monitor handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and hygiene knowledge among young children in educational settings over a short period of time [ 28 ]. However, combinations of sensor and digital feedback technology have not been used in the studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Appropriate frameworks for the use of technology and interactive media are tools that can help to promote effective learning and development [ 26 , 27 ]. Novel digital technologies adopted in the educational environment may help to promote sustainable handwashing behaviour of children across various settings [ 28 ]. However, current digital health technologies have been developed mainly for clinical settings [ 29 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand hygiene of kindergarten children—Understanding the effect of live feedback on handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and motivation of young children: Protocol for a multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

et al. 2023

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Early implementation of interventions at a young age fosters behaviour changes and helps to adopt behaviours that promote health. Digital technologies may help to promote the hand hygiene behaviour of children. However, there is a lack of digital feedback interventions focusing on the hand hygiene behaviour of preschool children in childhood education and care settings. This study protocol aims to describe a study that evaluates the effectiveness of a gamified live feedback intervention and explores underlying behavioural theories in achieving better hand hygiene behaviour of preschool children in early childhood education and care settings. This study will be a four-arm cluster randomized controlled trial with three phases and a twelve-month follow-up by country stratification. The sample size is 106 children of which one cluster will have a minimum number of 40 children. During the baseline phase, all groups will have automated monitoring systems installed. In the intervention phase, the control group will have no screen activity. The intervention groups will have feedback displays during the handwashing activity. Intervention A will receive instructions, and intervention B and C groups will receive instructions and a reward. In the post-intervention phase, all the groups will have no screen activity except intervention C which will receive instructions from the screen but no reward. The outcome measures will be hand hygiene behaviour, self-efficacy, and intrinsic motivation. Outcome measures will be collected at baseline, intervention, and post-intervention phases and a 12-month follow-up. The data will be analysed with quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings of the planned study will provide whether this gamified live feedback intervention can be recommended to be used in educational settings to improve the hand hygiene behaviour of preschool children to promote health. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (registration number NCT05395988 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05395988?term=NCT05395988&draw=2&rank=1).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand hygiene of kindergarten children—Understanding the effect of live feedback on handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and motivation of young children: Protocol for a multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

et al. 2023

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“…These technologies were used both to monitor the hand hygiene process and to promote this practice among children. The review showed that studies that used computer games were effective in improving children's knowledge about hygiene, with repercussions on the handwashing process (15) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Playful activity with robot for hand hygiene of elementary school students: quasi-experimental study

Costa,

Rocha Júnior,

Spadella

et al. 2023

Rev. Gaúcha Enferm.

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the hand hygiene process after elementary school students participated in an educational activity using an automated digital technology called Tutor Robot. Method: Quasi-experimental study developed in 2019 with elementary school students (n=203). Hand hygiene was performed with a fluorescent solution before and after participating in an educational activity with a tutor robot. The images were recorded in a dark chamber and the data related to area of residence, grade, gender, hand position and laterality were analyzed by Anova and Holm-Sidak Post-Hoc (p≤0,05). Results: All conditions studied improved the hand hygiene process after activity with the tutor robot. There was no association between grade, gender, and dominant hand and the performance in the hand hygiene process, however, students from urban areas performed better than those from rural areas. Conclusion: The activity with the tutor robot represented an important resource for conducting health education actions on hand hygiene and can also be tested in other settings and populations.

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“…In terms of methods of data collection, behavioral observation and alternative recording technology have been conducted to study HWC. Specific examples included self-report, manual observation (Hoffmann et al, 2019), camera observation (Jeffrey et al, 2016), electronic sensors (Ofori et al, 2020), and other indirect indicators such as consumption of soap and towels (Rutter et al, 2019). The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in students’ behavior by increasing the HW tools.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HW rate is typically defined as the number of people who wash their hands divided by the number of total restroom visits. Using digital technology for monitoring HW is effective, objective, economical, and helpful for monitoring these strategies (Jeffrey et al, 2016; Ofori et al, 2020). It is especially effective for collecting larger scale data for groups, which are impossible by manual observation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Micro Architectural Environmental Interventions on Handwashing Compliance of Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention Trial

Bai

Ding

et al. 2022

HERD

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Purpose: Aimed to explore more practical interventions for handwashing compliance (HWC) and protect the minor’ health with the pandemic background, this study tested whether micro architectural interventions would promote HWC of adolescents through active experience. Background: Despite the well-documented benefits of handwashing (HW), low compliance is common among adolescents. HW space in schools has always been treated as attached spaces of little matter, which is unfavorable to public health. According to environment behavior perspective, personal motivation of HWC may be motivated by active environment. Method: A school-based investigation and a 30-week environmental behavior experiment were conducted when students returned to school after the COVID-19 pandemic closure in 2020 in China to evaluate the effects of active environment interventions selected by previous survey on promoting adolescents’ HW rate. Digital infrared counters were used to unobtrusively document their behavior. Results: Results in summer revealed a positive effect on all intervention groups. The effects of combined interventions were higher than the effect of any single intervention. However, HW rates of all groups declined sharply in the coldest month and the between-group differences decreased. Significant correlations were found between HW rates and satisfaction with the intervention schemes. Conclusions: Findings suggest that architectural environmental intervention may potentially be a positive, friendly, and one-time investment mean to expand the HWC intervention scope from passive policies to positive experience, and HW space design for adolescents should be treated as a public health strategy.

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The use of digital technology to improve and monitor handwashing among children 12 years or younger in educational settings: a scoping review

Cited by 5 publications

References 55 publications

Hand hygiene of kindergarten children—Understanding the effect of live feedback on handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and motivation of young children: Protocol for a multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

Hand hygiene of kindergarten children—Understanding the effect of live feedback on handwashing behaviour, self-efficacy, and motivation of young children: Protocol for a multi-arm cluster randomized controlled trial

Playful activity with robot for hand hygiene of elementary school students: quasi-experimental study

Effects of Micro Architectural Environmental Interventions on Handwashing Compliance of Adolescents: A School-Based Intervention Trial

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