The Use of Electromigration Techniques in Washing and Concentrating Cultures of Paramecium aurelia

Wagtendonk, W. J. Van; Simonsen, Donald H.; Zill, L.P.

doi:10.1086/physzool.25.4.30152127

Cited by 17 publications

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“…The use of direct electric current to concentrate paramecia in mass cultures by van Wagtendonk, Simonsen, and Zill (1952) suggested that the technique might be adapted for recovering alive the paramecia present in a sample of mud and water. A method has been developed which is reasonably efficient, and preliminary data have been obtained on natural abundance.I M ETHODS…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paramecium Ecology: Electromigration for Field Samples and Observations on Density

Hairston¹,

Kellermann²

1964

Ecology

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Direct electric current can be used to extract paramecia from samples of mud and water. Oval plastic dishes, 17 x 5.5 x 3.2 cm, hold the samples. Specimens are protected from the wire leads with agar—filled U tubes, connected with the dish by glass siphons. A voltage drop of 1.75 to 3.0 volts between siphons is employed for 3 successive periods of 30 min each. The animals migrate to the cathode. Samples taken when the water is colder than 10 C are allowed to stand at room temperature for 2 hr before electromigration. The method is estimated to be around 95% efficient in removing present. A significant increase in abundance has been observed in the field during a period of 10 days when the water temperature remained at 4 C. The increase was comparable to what can be obtained in the laboratory at 5 C. The maximum density of paramecia (P. caudatum plus P. aurelia) observed was 12.5 per ml or 250 per cm 2 of surface. Other small invertebrates are amenable to collection by the electromigration technique, but not all species migrate equally well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paramecium Ecology: Electromigration for Field Samples and Observations on Density

Hairston¹,

Kellermann²

1964

Ecology

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“…old culture were first concentrated by filtration through a Berkefeld filter. The organisms were then concentrated and partially freed from bacteria by electromigration through a sterile salt solution (van Wagtendonk, Simonsen & Zill, 1952). The volume of the concentrated organisms was carefully measured and the number of P. aurelia present determined by a count of samples of a suitable dilution.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Surface Antigens of Paramecium aurelia

Litman

Reisner

et al. 1956

Journal of General Microbiology

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Antisera against the various serotypes of Paramecium aurelia are prepared by injecting homogenates of mechanically disrupted organisms into a rabbit (Sonneborn, 1950). These antisera contain antibodies against antigens other than the immobilization antigen (van Wagtendonk & van Tijn, 1953). In an effort to obtain partially purified preparations of the immobilization antigen, preparatory to .the determination of its chemical constitution, a method was devised to obtain the antigen without disrupting the cell. This antigen prepartion which includes the trichocysts, but not the cilia, will be referred to as the ' surface antigen preparation '. The properties of this preparation are described in this communication. RESULTSParamecium aurelia, var. 4, stock 51.7, serotype A was grown in a bacterized lettuce extract medium. Several litres of a 24 hr. old culture were first concentrated by filtration through a Berkefeld filter. The organisms were then concentrated and partially freed from bacteria by electromigration through a sterile salt solution (van Wagtendonk, Simonsen & Zill, 1952). The volume of the concentrated organisms was carefully measured and the number of P. aurelia present determined by a count of samples of a suitable dilution. Molar NaCl solution was added to the suspension to reach a final concentration of 0-06 M. The mixture was gently shaken for 1 min. and centrifuged for 2 min. a t 600g. The supernatant fluid, containing the trichocysts (microscopical examination showed the absence of cilia) was carefully decanted and saved. The sediment was resuspended in 0.06 M-NaCl solution and treated in the same way. The two supernatant suspensions were combined, centrifuged for 1 hr. a t 2OOOg in a refrigerated centrifuge, dialysed for 24 hr. against running distilled water and finally concentrated by lyophilization.The number of organisms present after the first treatment and after the second treatment was determined by a count of the organisms present in a suitable dilution and the loss by lysis calculated. It can be seen from Table 1

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“…61. Wu, C., S: H q g , J. F. 1952 There is no record of coccidial parasites from these animals. although several species have been described from a number of animals of the family Mustelidae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen Metabolism in Paramecium aurelia

Soldo

Wagtendonk

1961

The Journal of Protozoology

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Nitrogen in cell fractions of Paramecium aurelia varied according to the growth medium. Trichloroacetic acid‐soluble fractions of cells were chromatographer. Adenine, adenosine, guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, histidine, lysine, proline, and phenylalanine were identified. Fyrimidines and xanthine, or their respective ribosides and ribotides, were not detected. Ammonia was released into the medium by both actively growing and “resting” cells. Culture fluids of “resting”cells also contained hypoxanthine and lesser amounts of adenine and guanine. Urea, uric acid, creatine, cretonne, and ailantoin were absent. Pyrimidine nitrogen seems excreted as dihydrouracil. The following enzymes were detected in homogenates and cell‐free preparations: nucleotidases, nucleoside hydrolases, and cytidine deaminase. Urease, uricase, adenase, guanase, xanthine oxidase, adenosine deaminase, and 5′‐adenylic acid deaminase were not present in this organism. Purine and pyrimidine incorporation into nucleic acids was investigated by the use of radioactive tracers. Guanosine gives rise to nucleic‐acid guanine and adenine; adenosine was precursor to nucleic acid adenine only. Formate was incorporated into purines; glycine was not. P. aurelia can interconvert cytidine and uridine; both give rise to nucleic acid thymine. The methyl group of thymine may be derived from formate.

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The Use of Electromigration Techniques in Washing and Concentrating Cultures of Paramecium aurelia

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Paramecium Ecology: Electromigration for Field Samples and Observations on Density

Paramecium Ecology: Electromigration for Field Samples and Observations on Density

The Surface Antigens of Paramecium aurelia

Nitrogen Metabolism in Paramecium aurelia

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