The Use of Electrospun Organic and Carbon Nanofibers in Bone Regeneration

Abstract

There has been an increasing amount of research on regenerative medicine for the treatment of bone defects. Scaffolds are needed for the formation of new bone, and various scaffolding materials have been evaluated for bone regeneration. Materials with pores that allow cells to differentiate into osteocytes are preferred in scaffolds for bone regeneration, and porous materials and fibers are well suited for this application. Electrospinning is an effective method for producing a nanosized fiber by applying a high voltage to the needle tip containing a polymer solution. The use of electrospun nanofibers is being studied in the medical field, and its use as a scaffold for bone regeneration therapy has become a topic of growing interest. In this review, we will introduce the potential use of electrospun nanofiber as a scaffold for bone regenerative medicine with a focus on carbon nanofibers produced by the electrospinning method.

Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers from Biomass and Biomass Blends—Current Trends

“…As nonwovens, mats, membranes, or other various types of nanocomposites, nanofibers can be used in many biotechnological fields [148][149][150][151][152]. Aoki et al investigated the application potential of organic nanofibers and electrospun carbon nanofibers for bone regenerative medicine [153].…”

Current Methods in the Study of Nanomaterials for Bone Regeneration

“…The use of carbon nanofibers produced by electrospinning, which is an effective method of creating nano-sized fibers by applying high voltage to a needle tip containing a polymer solution, has been investigated in the medical field, and its use as a scaffold for bone regeneration therapy has attracted attention [ 34 ]. When thin carbon nanofiber web implants containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were implanted into the lumbar fascia of ddY mice, the formation of bone matrix and bone marrow structures around the implants was observed 3 weeks later.…”

Nanoarchitectonics for Hierarchical Fullerene Nanomaterials

“…Accordingly, nanoscale materials sciences have been paid much attention. Nanoscale materials in various dimensions such as quantum dots [ 31 , 32 , 33 ], nanoparticles [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], nanocrystals [ 37 , 38 , 39 ], nanotubes [ 40 , 41 , 42 ], nanorods/nanowires [ 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 ], nanosheets [ 46 , 47 , 48 ], graphene [ 49 , 50 , 51 ], and other two-dimensional materials [ 52 , 53 , 54 ] have been extensively investigated. Similarly, materials with internal nanostructures including mesoporous materials [ 55 , 56 , 57 ], zeolites [ 58 , 59 , 60 ], metal–organic frameworks [ 61 , 62 , 63 ], other coordination polymers [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], and covalent organic frameworks [ 67 , 68 , 69 ] have been actively explored.…”