The Use of Electrotherapeutics in Ophthalmology

Luu, Kieu Yen; Zhao, Min; Mannis, Mark J.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2019.11.011

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Photoreceptor dystrophies and degenerative diseases of the retina are major causes of blindness worldwide, ranging till 5-14% in age-related macular degeneration [1]. In recent studies, electric fields (EF, e.g., via transcorneal electric stimulation -TCES) have been successfully applied to treat such retinal diseases [2][3][4][5][6] as well of degenerative diseases of the optic nerve [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Direct Current Electric Fields on Cone Like Retinal Photoreceptor Cells

Guerra-Hühne¹,

Bola²,

Calzia³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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Introduction: Studies show that electric fields are used as therapy during nerve and tissue injuries along with trans-retinal stimulation. However, cellular and molecular changes induced by such treatments remain largely unknown especially in retinal photoreceptor cells.In vitro studies show that direct current electric fields (dcEF) were known to influence cell division, polarity, shape, and motility. Here we could characterize for the first time the reactions of 661W, a retinal cone photoreceptor especially regarding organelle polarization, membrane polarization of mitochondria, O2 consumption, ATP/ADP ratio and gene expression. Methods: The 661W cells were stimulated with a constant dcEF of field strength 5 V/cm during 30 min or 5 h depending on the parameters studied. Results: In response to dcEF, the cells aligned perpendicular to the field by forming a leading edge with extended membrane protrusions towards the cathode. Using immunofluorescence and live cell imaging, we show that the cell membrane depolarized at the cathodal side. The microtubules spread into the direction of migration. Also, the microtubule organization center re-oriented into this direction. Concomitantly with the microtubules, actin filaments reorganized in an asymmetrical fashion mainly at the cathodal side. The Golgi apparatus, which is involved in many steps of actin synthesis, moved to the cathodal side. In the last 2 h of the 5 h experiment, microtubules positioned themselves at the rear (anodal side), like the nucleus. The averaged displacement of the whole cells under dcEF was 155% of control for 3 V/cm and 235% for 5 V/cm. The average speed increased by 142% and 243% respectively. Inside the cells mitochondria moved to the cathodal side, where the energy consuming producing processes take place. In this line, we measured an increase in ATP production and O2 consumption. Mitochondrial calcium was found more on the anodal side, at the site of the nucleus with its calcium delivering endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, oxymetry studies reveal an increased ATP synthesis by 115.2% and oxygen consumption by 113.3% 3 h after dcEF stimulation. An analysis of differentially expressed genes by RNA sequencing revealed an upregulation of genes involved in cellular movement, cell to cell and intracellular signaling, molecular transport, assembly and organization. Conclusions: The mechanisms found can enhance our understanding regarding the beneficial effects of EF treatment in retinal diseases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Direct Current Electric Fields on Cone Like Retinal Photoreceptor Cells

Guerra-Hühne¹,

Bola²,

Calzia³

et al. 2022

Front. Biosci. (Landmark Ed)

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“…Over the past two decades, the use of ES for eye treatment has been highlighted due to the favorable results in animal models and human experiments. Luu et al have recently reviewed the history of electrotherapeutics in ophthalmology and introduced the novel ophthalmic instrumentation [ 14 ]. The eye is an electric-based organ and the ocular cells, particularly in the retina, use endogenous electrical currents to function [ 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Ocular Cells: A Means for Improving Ocular Tissue Engineering and Treatments of Eye Diseases

Sanie-Jahromi

Azizi

Shariat

et al. 2021

BioMed Research International

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Tissue engineering is biomedical engineering that uses suitable biochemical and physicochemical factors to assemble functional constructs that restore or improve damaged tissues. Recently, cell therapies as a subset of tissue engineering have been very promising in the treatment of ocular diseases. One of the most important biophysical factors to make this happen is noninvasive electrical stimulation (ES) to target ocular cells that may preserve vision in multiple retinal and optic nerve diseases. The science of cellular and biophysical interactions is very exciting in regenerative medicine now. Although the exact effect of ES on cells is unknown, multiple mechanisms are considered to underlie the effects of ES, including increased production of neurotrophic agents, improved cell migration, and inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and cellular apoptosis. In this review, we highlighted the effects of ES on ocular cells, especially on the corneal, retinal, and optic nerve cells. Initially, we summarized the current literature on the in vitro and in vivo effects of ES on ocular cells and then we provided the clinical studies describing the effect of ES on ocular complications. For each area, we used some of the most impactful articles to show the important concepts and results that advanced the state of these interactions. We conclude with reflections on emerging new areas and perspectives for future development in this field.

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Overview of recent advancements in the iontophoretic drug delivery to various tissues and organs

Helmy

2021

Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology

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The Use of Electrotherapeutics in Ophthalmology

Cited by 3 publications

References 38 publications

Effect of Direct Current Electric Fields on Cone Like Retinal Photoreceptor Cells

Effect of Direct Current Electric Fields on Cone Like Retinal Photoreceptor Cells

Effect of Electrical Stimulation on Ocular Cells: A Means for Improving Ocular Tissue Engineering and Treatments of Eye Diseases

Overview of recent advancements in the iontophoretic drug delivery to various tissues and organs

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