The Use of EPR-DL Technique to Determine the Degree of Sensitization of Modified AISI 316 Stainless Steel

Réquiz, Roberto; Alvarez, I

doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.289-292.1007

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…This advantage is highlighted on the bases of the reproducibility, the selectivity, and mainly the agreement with microstructural IGC evaluation (DL-EPR DOS ratio = 17 pct and microstructural DOS ratio = 20 pct). However, it should be noted that condition 2 (Table VI), chosen by other authors, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]13,14,17] also gives satisfactory results (DL-EPR DOS ratio = 17 pct and microstructural DOS ratio = 13 pct). For this condition, the used KSCN activator seems to have an equivalent effect to the NH 4 SCN used in the present work.…”

Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…The DL-EPR test optimum conditions for the austenitic stainless steel correspond to the following: electrolyte composed of 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 and 0.01 M NH 4 SCN, electrolyte temperature close to 25°C, and a potential scanning rate of 1 mV/s. To emphasize the importance of the DL-EPR operating conditions regarding the test response, other conditions reported by previous investigators [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]11,13,14,17] were also tested to evaluate the DOS of annealed and aged AISI 316L SS. The corresponding DOS values, reported in Table VI, reveal clear advantages of the optimum operating conditions established in this study.…”

Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Sidhom¹,

Amadou²,

Sahlaoui³

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The evaluation of the degree of sensitization (DOS) to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of a commercial AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel aged at temperatures ranging from 550°C to 800°C during 100 to 80,000 hours was carried out using three different assessment methods.(1) The microstructural method coupled with the Strauss standard test (ASTM A262). This method establishes the kinetics of the precipitation phenomenon under different aging conditions, by transmission electronic microscope (TEM) examination of thin foils and electron diffraction. The subsequent chromium-depleted zones are characterized by X-ray microanalysis using scanning transmission electronic microscope (STEM). The superimposition of microstructural time-temperature-precipitation (TTP) and ASTM A262 time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams provides the relationship between aged microstructure and IGC. Moreover, by considering the chromium-depleted zone characteristics, sensitization and desensitization criteria could be established. (2) The electrochemical method involving the double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test. The operating conditions of this test were initially optimized using the experimental design method on the bases of the reliability, the selectivity, and the reproducibility of test responses for both annealed and sensitized steels. The TTS diagram of the AISI 316L stainless steel was established using this method. This diagram offers a quantitative assessment of the DOS and a possibility to appreciate the time-temperature equivalence of the IGC sensitization and desensitization. (3) The analytical method based on the chromium diffusion models. Using the IGC sensitization and desensitization criteria established by the microstructural method, numerical solving of the chromium diffusion equations leads to a calculated AISI 316L TTS diagram. Comparison of these three methods gives a clear advantage to the nondestructive DL-EPR test when it is used with its optimized operating conditions. This quantitative method is simple to perform; it is fast, reliable, economical, and presents the best ability to detect the lowest DOS to IGC. For these reasons, this method can be considered as a serious candidate for IGC checking of stainless steel components of industrial plants.

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Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Section: Synthesis and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Sidhom¹,

Amadou²,

Sahlaoui³

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…As counter electrode, a platina electrode is used, and as reference electrode, a silver/silver chloride electrode is used. The series of DL-EPR tests are conducted under conditions found to be appropriate for this type of material, [8][9][10] i.e., with a electrolyte solution concentration of 0.5 M sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) and 0.01 M potassium sulfacyanate (KSCN), with a potential scan rate of 3 V/min, at room temperature. After stabilizing the corrosion potential, typically at -350 mV/SCE, the samples are polarized from this initial potential in the cathodic range to the anodic potential, +300 mV/SCE, in the passive range (activation).…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adopted test method is the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method, which is a standardized method for determining the level of sensitization on austenitic stainless steel. [8][9][10] Here, the DL-EPR measurements are performed in an Avesta cell [8] or in a locally produced cell of smaller size, and with a Radiometer analytical Voltalab 21 Potentiostat, using the software package VoltaMaster 4 (Radiometer Analytical SAS, Lyon, France). As counter electrode, a platina electrode is used, and as reference electrode, a silver/silver chloride electrode is used.…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hot Isostatically Pressed–Produced Stainless Steel/High Alloy Tool Steel Compound Materials

Lindwall

Flyg

Frisk

et al. 2010

Metall Mater Trans A

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Consolidation of tool steel powders and simultaneous joining to a stainless 316L steel are performed by hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Two tool steel grades are considered: a high vanadium alloyed carbon tool steel, and a high vanadium and chromium alloyed nitrogen tool steel. The boundary layer arising during diffusion bonding is in focus and, in particular, the diffusion of carbon and nitrogen over the joint. Measurements of the elemental concentration profiles and corrosion tests by the double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method are performed. Comparative calculations with the DICTRA software are performed and are found to be in agreement with the experimental results. It is found that the carbon tool steel grade has a more critical influence on the corrosion resistance of the stainless 316L steel in comparison to the nitrogen tool steel grade.

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“…Requiz and Alvarez 118 have studied the effect on the sensitisation kinetics of partially and completely replacing the molybdenum by vanadium in austenitic stainless steel. Because of their adjacent positions in the periodic table and also because both are strong ferrite, carbide and nitride formers, vanadium is the most logical substitute for molybdenum in austenitic stainless steel.…”

Section: Influence Of Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of metallurgical variables on sensitisation kinetics in austenitic stainless steels

Dayal¹,

Parvathavarthini²,

Raj³

2005

International Materials Reviews

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Austenitic stainless steels are the most favoured construction materials for various components required in chemical, petrochemical, fertiliser and nuclear industries. However, these steels are prone to sensitisation. In the sensitised condition, the steels are quite susceptible to intergranular corrosion and intergranular stress corrosion cracking in chloride and caustic environments resulting in the premature failure of the fabricated components during precommissioning and service periods. The topic of sensitisation has been of interest in studies worldwide. The studies included mechanism of sensitisation, test methods, data generation, and influence of several variables and protection methods. This article covers a review of important contributions to this topic with special emphasis on the influence of metallurgical variables. The present state of understanding is discussed in the following areas: mechanisms, test methods, sensitisation diagrams, influence of chemical composition, cold work and grain size, low temperature sensitisation, modelling and laser surface treatment. The need for further investigation in certain areas is highlighted.

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The Use of EPR-DL Technique to Determine the Degree of Sensitization of Modified AISI 316 Stainless Steel

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of Hot Isostatically Pressed–Produced Stainless Steel/High Alloy Tool Steel Compound Materials

Influence of metallurgical variables on sensitisation kinetics in austenitic stainless steels

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