The use of esters of biologically active weak acids in overcoming permeability difficulties

Beevers, Harry; Goldschmidt, Eugene P.; Koffler, Henry

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(52)90282-8

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The increased activity of the esters of linoleic acid may be explained by the findings of BEEVERS et al (1952). These authors showed that esters of organic acids, important in oxidative processes, pass cell-membranes over a wider range of pH than do their parent acids, which activity is inhibited by membrane barriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids trigger coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi

Hubbes

1975

Forest Pathol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids trigger coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi

Hubbes

1975

Forest Pathol

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“…As subsequent work showed that succinoxidase in this organism is competitively inhibited by malonate in the usual way, i t is interesting to note the ability of the cell to protect its enzymic Final rate of 0, uptake apparatus against inhibition even when it seems probable that the malonic acid was able to enter the cells. Beevers, Goldschmidt & Koffler (1952) have suggested the use of esters of weak acids to overcome permeability barriers a t high pH values. AS acetate was oxidized by Z~g o r r h~n c h~~ moelleri at high pH values only, and malonic acid was active at low pH values only, the action of diethylmalonate on acetate and glucose oxidation was investigated, and compared with the effect of a quantity of ethanol equivalent to that present in the ester.…”

Section: Respiration Of Intact Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Reactions in the Fungus Zygorrhynchus moelleri

Moses

1955

Journal of General Microbiology

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Whole cells of the fungus Zygorrhynchus moelleri can oxidize acetate, cis-aconitate, citrate, fumarate, glucose, malate, a-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, and succinate under appropriate conditions. The rates of oxidation of acetate and succinate, in particular, are very high and exceed the rate of glucose oxidation. Diethylmalonate in high concentration inhibits the oxidation of glucose and acetate, but succinate oxidation is not greatly inhibited by malonic acid, even when the malonate concentration is twice the succinate concentration.By freezing the cells in liquid nitrogen it is possible to investigate many of the individual reactions of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Among the more important reactions shown were : cis-aconitate to citrate ; citrate or cis-aconitate to a-ketoglutarate ; a-ketoglutarate to succinate ; succinate to fumarate plus malat,e ; malate to oxalacetate plus pyruvate ; and malate or pyruvate to citrate. Acetate was not metabolized. Succinate oxidation was competitively inhibited by malonate. The significance of these results with regard to the operation of the citric acid cycle in this organism is discussed.

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“…The final concentrations of the inhibitors used were: sodium fluoroacetate, 1.0 X 10-1 M; sodium arsenite, 1.5 X 102 m; diethyl malonate, 1.0 X 10-2 M. The ethyl ester of malonic acid was used instead of the sodium salt, because acetate oxidation is not inhibited by sodium malonate, in a concentration as high as 10-1 M, in the optimal pH range for the substrate oxidation. The rationale for the use of esters of weak organic acids as a means of enabling these compounds to enter the cells and the limitations of this approach have been discussed by Beevers et al (1952).…”

Section: <5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemistry of Filamentous Fungi

1956

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The mechanism by which acetate and related compounds are oxidized by fungi has been a subject of discussion for many years (Foster, 1949; Chain, 1956). In 1919 Raistrick and Clark suggested that citrate might be synthesized by a condensation of oxalacetate and acetate. Subsequently, various organic acids were shown to accumulate when two-carbon compounds are metabolized by washed fungal cells; for example, Chrzaszcz et al. (1932) indicated that acetate, glycolate, malate, succinate, fumarate, citrate, and oxalate were produced when ethanol was added to washed mycelial pads of various species of the genus Penicillium. For years some of these organic acids were thought to be intermediates in the oxidation of carbohydrates to C02 and water. After studies with animal tissues had revealed the importance of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle as a mechanism for terminal oxidation (Krebs, 1940), attention again was focused on the role of this pathway in the fungi. Chain (1956) offers a comprehensive review of work in this field. Most of the data mentioned in Chain's review show that citrate is formed via a C2 plus 04 condensation, most likely as is visualized by the 1 Supported by the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Eli Lilly and Company, and the Purdue Research Foundation.

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The use of esters of biologically active weak acids in overcoming permeability difficulties

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids trigger coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi

Terpenes and unsaturated fatty acids trigger coremia formation by Ceratocystis ulmi

Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Reactions in the Fungus Zygorrhynchus moelleri

Biochemistry of Filamentous Fungi

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