The Use of Faunal Gradient Analysis for Intraregional Correlation and Assessment of Changes in Sea‐Floor Topography in the Type Cincinnatian

Miller, Arnold I.; Holland, Steven M.; Meyer, David L.; Dattilo, Benjamin F.

doi:10.1086/321965

Cited by 67 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Gradient analysis is a way to compare quantitatively the composition and abundance of taxa among localities, and, in the marine subfossil and fossil record, is a valuable tool for characterizing the spatio-temporal distribution of organisms according to paleoenvironmental variables (e.g., Cisne and Rabe, 1978;Rabe and Cisne, 1980;Cisne et al, 1982;Springer and Bambach, 1985;Anstey et al, 1987;Miller, 1988;Anstey and Rabbio, 1990;Miller et al, 1992;Lafferty et al, 1994;Patzkowsky, 1995;Dattilo, 1996). A method of high-resolution faunal gradient analysis applied by Holland et al (2001) and Miller et al (2001) and modified by Webber (2002Webber ( , 2004 has provided a valuable means of characterizing the signal of biological variation for strata in the Kope and lower Fairview formations of the type Cincinnatian Series (Upper Ordovician) at a regional scale (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). As in similar applications of gradient analysis to the fossil record (e.g., Patzkowsky, 1995;Dattilo, 1996), fossil distribution in the lower Cincinnatian correlates with environmental factors related to water depth Miller et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations used in figure: m, mudstone; s, siltstone; cz, calcisiltite; ps, packstone; g, grainstone. Modified from Miller et al (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From Webber (2004). terns were made to establish correlations among these localities at stratigraphic resolutions approaching the meter scale (Fig. 2;Miller et al, 2001;Webber, 2004). Furthermore, gradient analysis in the Cincinnatian has provided a foundation for regional paleoecological studies, such as modeling the ecological distribution of fossilized marine organisms , biotic response to shifts in basin topography , the distribution and paleoecology of crinoids (Meyer et al, 2002), and the lack of correspondence between variations in faunal assemblages and lithofacies change Webber, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

Webber¹

2005

PALAIOS

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Patchiness affects fine-scale patterns of biological variation because compositional differences among localities depend on the composition of the patch sampled for paleoecological analysis. This can inflate compositional differences among localities that otherwise may have similar faunal constituents, which can obscure the true signal of biotic composition. In the type Cincinnatian Series, comparisons of finescale faunal-assemblage patterns acquired through gradient analysis have been difficult to accomplish because of significant deviations in biotic composition. Here, the role of patchiness in creating these deviations is tested by quantifying the amount of lateral variation in composition at a single outcrop of the Kope Formation. Because the lateral expression of individual beds in the Cincinnatian is variable, patchiness is more effectively assessed for bedsets rather than individual beds.Using gradient analysis to evaluate lateral variation at one locality reveals that patchiness is the cause of fine-scale stratigraphic deviations, which are typically produced by the addition or subtraction of just a few taxa. Furthermore, this lateral variability is less for limestone bedsets than for many mudstone bedsets. This supports the idea that limestone beds in the Cincinnatian contain assemblages that are more time-averaged than many, though not all, mudstone beds. Because fine-scale faunal patterns are dependent on the composition of the sampled patch, replicate sampling is necessary to account for patchiness. Despite the effects of patchiness and time-averaging at scales of one or a few beds, biotic composition patterns acquired through gradient analysis are robust among localities at scales greater than a few beds.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Abbreviations used in figure: m, mudstone; s, siltstone; cz, calcisiltite; ps, packstone; g, grainstone. Modified from Miller et al (2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

Webber¹

2005

PALAIOS

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“…These metrics are the basis for assessing sample similarities, although the choice of metric may be influenced by sample size (Archer & Maples, 1987;Maples & Archer, 1988). The most commonly used exploratory multivariate method for the visualization of similarity among samples is ordination, and the most commonly used ordination methods at the present time are nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) (e.g., Miller et al, 2001;Holland, 2006;Willard et al, 2007). Data from other sources, such as the sedimentary environment, can be superimposed on these analyses.…”

Section: Paleosynecology-putting Together a Communitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Paleoecology in Deep Time¹

DiMichele¹,

Gastaldo²

2008

Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden

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The paleoecology of plants as a modern discipline, distinct from traditional floristics or biostratigraphy, has undergone an enormous expansion in the past 20 years. In addition to baseline studies characterizing extinct plants and plant assemblages in terms of their growth habits, environmental preferences, and patterns of association, paleoecology has converged on neoecology and represents a means to extend our basic understanding of the world and to contribute to the theoretical framework of ecology, writ large. Reconstruction of whole plants, including studies of physiology and developmental biology, and analyses of biomechanics have become mainstays of autecological studies. Assemblage studies now are informed by sophisticated taphonomic models that have helped guide sampling strategies and helped with the interpretation of statistical data. Linkages of assemblage patterns in space and time with sedimentology, geochemical proxies for atmospheric composition and climate, paleosol analyses, and increasingly refined geochronological and sequence stratigraphic data have permitted paleoecologists to examine rates and extents of vegetational response to environmental change and to time intervals of quiescent climatic conditions. Studies of plant-animal interaction, explicit consideration of phylogenetic information in assessing assemblage time-space dynamics, and examination of ecological structure in terms of developing metabolic scaling theory are all having direct impact on paleoecological as well as neoecological studies. The growth of paleoecology shows no sign of diminishment-closer linkages with neoecology are needed.

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Palaeoecology: Methods

Terry¹

2009

Encyclopedia of Life Sciences

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Paleoecology is based on the documentation of occurrences and abundances of taxa across time and space. Although methodologically similar to the techniques of neontological ecologists, the discipline is distinct in its integration of a deeper time axis into our understanding of the processes shaping the earth's ecological patterns. Taphonomy is the study of the processes by which organic remains become incorporated into the fossil record. Since this record is both incomplete and biased, multiple taphonomic approaches have been developed to quantify the reliability of the ecological information it preserves. As such, a fundamental issue in paleoecology relates to the sampling and counting of individuals. Although the nature of the preserving sediments often exerts the primary control on how data are collected, techniques exist to standardize sampling and counting strategies to maximize our ability to detect ecological patterns and gain insight into the processes shaping both ancient and modern communities. Key Concepts: Paleoecologists study ancient organisms and ecosystem dynamics over evolutionary time scales. Taphonomic studies have shown that the quality of ecological information preserved in the fossil record is high. The preservation potential of organic remains is a function of depositional environment as well as structural, chemical and behavioural characteristics of an organism. Sample standardization is an important consideration for paleoecological data collection and analysis. Biography information: Rebecca C Terry is a paleoecologist and taphonomist with a research focus on small mammal community dynamics through the Holocene.

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The Use of Faunal Gradient Analysis for Intraregional Correlation and Assessment of Changes in Sea‐Floor Topography in the Type Cincinnatian

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

Plant Paleoecology in Deep Time¹

Palaeoecology: Methods

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The Use of Faunal Gradient Analysis for Intraregional Correlation and Assessment of Changes in Sea‐Floor Topography in the Type Cincinnatian

Cited by 67 publications

References 16 publications

The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

The Effects of Spatial Patchiness on the Stratigraphic Signal of Biotic Composition (Type Cincinnatian Series; Upper Ordovician)

Plant Paleoecology in Deep Time1

Palaeoecology: Methods

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Plant Paleoecology in Deep Time¹