The use of flax fibres as reinforcements in composites

Müssig, Jörg; Haag, Katharina

doi:10.1533/9781782421276.1.35

Cited by 32 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Two main groups of ax plant Linum usitatissimum L. varieties are cultivated -the rst for bre production (textile ax) and the second for linseed oil (oleaginous ax). e harvested area of ax for seed and oil worldwide production is much larger compared to the cultivation of ax for textile applications [1][2][3][4]. Flax bres can be obtained from plants grown primarily for bre or from waste stems generated in the ax seed production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A er the seed collecting, a major portion of these stems is burned in the eld, creating environmental pollution. e exploration of these inexpensive agricultural residues as a bio-source for making industrial products can open new avenues for the utilisation of agricultural residues by reducing the need for disposal and environmental deterioration through pollution, re and pests, and at the same time add value to the creation of rural agricultural-based economy [1,3]. Flax bres can be processed into semi-nished products for the reinforcing of polymer composites.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pre-impregnated preforms can be classied as compound, thermoplastic and thermoset prepregs (roving/yarn, nonwoven and woven). During the manufacture, the impregnation is completed and the matrix consolidated [3,6,7]. e bre length or its aspect ratio (ratio length-todiameter) has a great impact on the polymer composite processing techniques [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e bre length or its aspect ratio (ratio length-todiameter) has a great impact on the polymer composite processing techniques [2]. For structural composites (where bres carry the load), long bre bundles are required [3]. For short bre reinforced composites considering the injection and compression moulding techniques, the suggested bre length is approximately 10 mm and 25 mm (for mats), respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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In recent years, the use of fl ax fi bres to replace glass fi bres as reinforcement in polymer composites has gained popularity due to an increasing environmental concern and requirement for developing sustainable materials. Many works deal with the properties of fl ax fi bres cultivated for textile applications, which are today used for polymer reinforcement. As fi brous material from oleaginous fl ax varieties and shives is available in large quantities and not promoted, its use in composites shall be further developed in the forthcoming years. Croatia and Slovenia mainly grow oleaginous fl ax, where after the seed collecting, most of the stems remain unused, the major portion being burned in fi elds, creating environmental pollution, or being disposed by ploughing. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterise and compare the properties of shives and technical fi bres extracted from fl ax Linum usitatissimum L., a textile variety planted in Croatia and from the Slovenian autochthonous oleaginous variety from Bela Krajina, to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer composites. The fl ax stems of the textile variety were subjected to water retting for 72 hours and the fl ax stems of the oleaginous variety were dew retted for four weeks. Dried retted stems were passed through a mechanical process of breaking and scotching, followed by heckling and combing, where the shives and fibres were separated into four groups according to their length. The characterisation of the fi brous material of both varieties was studied according to the results of optical and scanning electron microscopy, moisture regain, fi bre length, linear density and tensile strength, and according to the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Based on the analysis results, it was concluded that the properties of investigated textile and oleaginous fl ax fi brous material were comparable, as were the properties of tested fi bre length groups within the same variety; that fl ax fi bres from textile and oleaginous varieties have adequate morphological and mechanical properties, and thermal stability for reinforcing polymer matrix composites; and that fl ax shives are more appropriate for fi llers in plastics with a lower reinforcing role. As the type of fi bre reinforcement (short fi bres, roving/yarns, nonwoven or woven fabrics) is very important for polymer composite properties, based on the obtained results, fi bres can be selected for specifi c purposes. Keywords: textile fl ax, oleaginous fl ax, fi brous material, polymer composite, reinforcement

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Tomljenović¹,

Erceg²

2016

TEK

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“…The use of wood fibers as reinforcing material leads to a weight reduction because the density of wood fibers is lower than glass or carbon fibers (Soler 2014;Müssig and Haag 2015). Wood fibers provide the composite an aspect similar to wood, and thus the composite material may be used for ambient design applications (boards for interior design, furniture parts).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moisture Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Fir Wood Flour/Glass Reinforced Epoxy Composite

Cerbu¹,

Coşereanu²

2016

BioResources

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Fir wood flour may be used as filler in glass reinforced composites due to the lower content of tannins in comparison with oak wood flour (Cerbu et al. 2010). This work focuses on the behavior of E-glass / fir wood flour / epoxy hybrid composites in mechanical tests (three-point bending tests, and Charpy impact tests) after immersion in water for 1177, 3048, and 6572 hours. Alternating layers were reinforced either with glass fabric or with fir wood flour. After 3048 hours of immersion, the flexural properties decreased: the modulus of elasticity (MOE) in bending and maximum flexural stress σ decreased by 13.16% and 37.54% respectively, with respect to the values recorded in the case of the dried specimens. The properties recovered a little after saturation because they increased after 6572 hours of immersion: MOE was greater (4.36%), while maximum flexural stress was greater (6.78%) with respect to the values corresponding to the specimens tested after 3048 hours of immersion. In the Charpy test, the impact strength K was measured. The damage (cracks developed at matrix-glass interface) caused by water absorption is discussed in order to explain the degradation of the mechanical properties. The adding of the wood flour led to the increasing of the modulus of rigidity EI in bending and it is proved by comparing with the results obtained in case of glass / epoxy composite without wood flour. Components for outdoor furniture (gardens) could be an application of the hybrid composite analyzed in this paper. Brasov, 29 Eroilor Avenue, 500036, Brasov, Romania; b: Department of Wood Processing and Wood Products Design, Faculty of Wood Engineering, Transilvania University of Brasov, 29 Eroilor Avenue, 500036, Brasov, Romania; *Corresponding author: cerbu@unitbv.ro Keywords INTRODUCTIONHybrid composite materials represent a class of composites that may be reinforced with different kinds of materials in the same layer by using hybrid woven fabrics (e.g. carbon / Kevlar fabric). Other hybrid composites are made of different kinds of layers that are reinforced with only one kind of fibers and layers alternate.The E-glass / fir wood flour / epoxy composites analyzed in this paper were from the last class described above because the layers reinforced with glass fibers alternated with the layers reinforced with fir wood flour. Such a hybrid composite should combine the advantages of wood fibers described below within this section (Klyosov 2007) with the advantages of the glass fibers (Cerbu et al. 2009;Zhou et al. 2013;Wang et al. 2014).Wood plastic composites (WPC) are widely used (Klyosov 2007) because the addition of the wood flour to plastics may potentially lead to material cost reductions while mechanical characteristics can be improved. PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLEbioresources.com Cerbu et al. (2016). "Wood/ glass epoxy composite," BioResources 11(4), 8364-8385. 8365Wood species vary across the world according to geographic area. For example, in the temperate zone, common tree species include fir, oak, beech, hornbeam...

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Test Methods for Fibre/Matrix Adhesion in Cellulose Fibre‐Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Materials: A Critical Review

Müssig

Graupner

2021

Progress in Adhesion and Adhesives

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The use of flax fibres as reinforcements in composites

Cited by 32 publications

References 17 publications

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Characterisation of Textile and Oleaginous Flax Fibrous and Shives Material as Potential Reinforcement for Polymer Composites

Moisture Effects on the Mechanical Behavior of Fir Wood Flour/Glass Reinforced Epoxy Composite

Test Methods for Fibre/Matrix Adhesion in Cellulose Fibre‐Reinforced Thermoplastic Composite Materials: A Critical Review

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