The use of GIS and water quality index to assess groundwater quality of krimat aquifer (Essaouira; Morocco)

Mountassir, Otman El; Bahir, Mohammed; Ouazar, Driss; Ouhamdouch, Salah; Chehbouni, Abdelghani; Ouarani, Mohamed

doi:10.1007/s42452-020-2653-z

Cited by 31 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In general, a higher index implies potentially higher levels of pollution or contamination, however, a lower index suggests improved water quality. Several studies related to the assessment of groundwater quality within the adoption of the WQI have been carried out in Morocco (Bahir et al, 2020;El Mountassir et al, 2020;Jamaa et al, 2020;Bahir et al, 2021a;Bahir et al, 2021b;Sarti et al, 2021;Bahir et al, 2022;Ouhamdouch et al, 2022;Rafik et al, 2022;Benaissa et al, 2023;Boudellah et al, 2023;El Moustaine et al, 2023;El Yousfi et al, 2023).…”

Section: Assessment Of Water Quality 421 Adequacy Of Water For Human ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Ait Said,

Mili,

El Faleh

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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The Palm Grove ecosystems situated in the southeastern region of Morocco are highly vulnerable to compromise, encountering significant challenges due to insufficient precipitation and limited availability of groundwater. The objective of this study is to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Tinejdad-Touroug aquifer for domestic and irrigation purposes. Groundwater flows from southwest to northeast mostly in Quaternary conglomerate-lacustrine facies in the Rheris basin. The results show that the domination of the major ions is in the following order: Cl−>HCO3−>SO42−>Na+>Ca2+>Mg2+>NO3−>K+>NO2−>NH4+. Piper diagram showed the predominance of a single mixed chemical facies Cl-SO4-Ca-Mg, as well as the presence of exceptions of some samples that showed other facies variations. The water quality index (WQI) assessments of the campaigns that were examined demonstrate that the recorded percentages of poor quality water ranged from 40% to 90% while the percentages of good quality water varied from 7.7% to 54.5%. The remaining samples reveal different classes with varying percentages. Most of the sites in all campaigns had drinking water parameters that exceeded the values established by the World Health Organization (WHO) and Moroccan standards. Nevertheless, the parameters of Temperature, pH, TH, DO, Ca2+, SO42−, K+, NH4+, and bacteriological parameters were within the required limits. The results of the assessment based on electrical conductivity suggest a significant increase in salinity levels, with an average of 2744.75 µS/cm in 2000, 3248.58 µS/cm in 2007, and 2957.84 µS/cm in 2021. The findings of the study reveal a positive assessment regarding the quality of the water samples examined during the eight sampling campaigns, as indicated by the PI and KR indices. However, additional investigation of the SAR, Na%, and MH indices revealed that three water samples acquired from separate surveys are not appropriate for irrigation purposes, showing that groundwater must be controlled until it can be properly used. The outcomes accentuate the necessity of consistent monitoring and evaluation of water quality parameters to establish the safe and sustainable exploitation of water resources for domestic and agricultural purposes. Elevated salinity levels in Quaternary aquifers resulting from natural mechanisms such as increased rates of evaporation and geological factors may have contributed to the degradation of groundwater quality.

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Section: Assessment Of Water Quality 421 Adequacy Of Water For Human ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Ait Said,

Mili,

El Faleh

et al. 2023

Front. Ecol. Evol.

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“…In ) has been assigned a weight (wi) according to its relative substance in the overall quality of groundwater for drinking purposes (Table 1). Prejudiced values were assigned according to relative significance of groundwater parameter in drinking water quality (El Mountassir et al, 2020;Ramakrishnaiah et al, 2009). The maximum weight of 5 has been assigned to parameters like total dissolved oxygen, sulfate, and nitrate due to their major importance in water quality assessment (Srinivasamoorthy et al, 2008).…”

Section: Calculation Of Water Quality Index (Wqi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The approach used in this study is similar to that used by other researchers (Sathees et al, 2020;El-Zeiny & Elbeih, 2019;Francis et al, 2020;Gebrehiwot et al, 2011;Gorai & Kumar, 2013;Jha et al, 2015;El Mountassir et al, 2020;Muzenda et al, 2019;Pradhan et al, 2001;Rabeiy, 2017;Ramachandran et al, 2020;Saeedi & Sharifi, 2010;Talebiniya et al, 2019;Re et al, 2013) The computed WQI values are classified into five types, "excellent water" to "water, unsuitable for drinking" shown in Table 2.…”

Section: Sii ¼ Wiqimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Morocco, various groundwater-related studies have been piloted to determine potential sites for groundwater evaluation (Bouchaou et al, 2020;Heib et al, 2017;Jamaa et al, 2020;Laraichi & Hammani, 2018;Re et al, 2013) and groundwater quality modeling by using GIS and WQI index (El Mountassir et al, 2020;Nait Mensour et al, 2019). The WQI is characterized as a grading (Chaurasia et al, 2018) mirroring the combined impact of various parameters present in the groundwater quality (Jamshidzadeh & Barzi, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment and modeling of groundwater quality by using water quality index (WQI) and GIS technique in meknes aquifer (Morocco)

Radouane¹,

Chahlaoui²,

Maliki³

et al. 2021

Geology, Ecology, and Landscapes

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Assessment of groundwater quality is important for drinking water, especially for rural populations. The aim of this study was to assess the groundwater quality for human consumption by integrating the water quality index with geographic information system (GIS) for the eventual interpretation of Meknes area water quality. Eight wells and two springs were investigated between February 2013 and February 2014. In light of the analysis results, spatial distribution maps of chosen physico-chemical parameters such as pH, O 2 , EC, Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2− , NH 4 + , NO 3 − , NO 2 − , PO 4 3−, SO 4 2− and HCO 3 were prepared using GIS. Water Quality Index (WQI) approach is utilized with the groundwater parameters and spatial distribution maps have been developed using GIS for the obtained indexes. The anthropogenic activities may be the likely cause of poor water quality. The north and north-west regions are influenced by anthropogenic inputs from the leaching of landfill and wastewater, whereas the south-west region is affected by agricultural runoff due to a quite high level of agricultural activity. The WQI values varied from 28.88 to 187.18. According to WQI classification, 30% of samples are unsuitable for drinking water purposes. These findings indicate the need for serious reflection on the part of the planners and decision-makers for efficient management of the groundwater resources.

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“…Water quality index (WQI) measures the quality of water for drinking and other purposes, the WQI was defined by Horton [40] and posteriorly developed by Brown,McClelland [17,21,41]. It transfers several water parameters to give only a single number to assess the overall water quality at a certain location and time [12,42,43]. WQI is a valuable and unique rating to depict the overall water quality status in a single term that helps for selecting proper treatment technique.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

et al. 2022

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Groundwater is essential for both water supply and environmental conservation, especially in semi-arid and desert areas. Managing groundwater resources requires a thorough understanding of groundwater characteristics and dynamics. The hydrogeochemical properties and evolution of groundwater in the Essaouira synclinal basin in northwest Morocco were studied in this research, with 105 water samples collected in 2009, 2017, 2018, and 2019. The Water Quality Index (WQI) and Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) were developed to determine groundwater quality for consumption and irrigation purposes. The chemical evolution of groundwater is mainly dominated by evaporite, mineral carbonate dissolutions, and cation exchange. Contamination by nitrates is particularly severe in agricultural and tourist areas. The WQI of the 2019 campaign showed that 6.7% of groundwater samples are unsuitable for drinking; 76.7% are poor quality water; and 13.3% are very poor-quality water; while only 3.3% are drinkable. According to IWQI, the total study area has been split into 50% (good), 43.3% (bad), and 6.6% (unfit), respectively, and no excellent groundwater areas have been identified. Therefore, the water is suitable for agriculture but must be treated for drinking. The presence of evaporation and maritime intrusion and the contribution of recent precipitations to aquifer recharging were demonstrated by stable isotope content.

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The use of GIS and water quality index to assess groundwater quality of krimat aquifer (Essaouira; Morocco)

Cited by 31 publications

References 35 publications

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Hydrochemical evolution and groundwater quality assessment of the Tinejdad-Touroug quaternary aquifer, South-East Morocco

Assessment and modeling of groundwater quality by using water quality index (WQI) and GIS technique in meknes aquifer (Morocco)

Assessment of Groundwater Quality and the Main Controls on Its Hydrochemistry in a Changing Climate in Morocco (Essaouira Basin)

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