The use of gluconic acid as an additive in magnetic paper

Abstract

As magnetic fillers, e.g., nanomagnetite, reduce the mechanical strength of produced magnetic papers, additives should be used. In this study, nanomagnetic papers were produced through an in-situ method by synthesizing magnetic cellulose fibers with kraft fibers and iron salts in a nitrogen atmosphere. Then, gluconic acid was added to improve the mechanical strength. The properties of nanomagnetic papers were investigated via different methods. The nanomagnetite particle size ranged from 1 to 84 nm. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the deposited nanomagnetite particles on the surface of the fibers. The saturation magnetization of the nanomagnetic papers treated with 0%, 1%, 2%, or 3% gluconic acid (per dry weight of the pulp) was 7.54, 5.64, 4.81, and 0.55 emu/g, respectively. The nanomagnetite particles loaded on the fibers decreased as the gluconic acid content was increased. The nanomagnetic papers exhibited superparamagnetic behavior. Elevation of the gluconic acid content caused an increased tensile and burst index, as well as a reduced tear index. It also led to augmented brightness and diminished opacity.

Characterization of magnetic bio-nanocomposites of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) coated on paper surface

“…Figure 2a illustrates the SEM micrograph of the NM. The cubic shape of the NM particles may be because of the accumulation of particles (Rezanezhad et al 2022). These images show that the magnetic bio-nanocomposites bonded to the fibers.…”

“…PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Rezanezhad et al (2022). "Magnetic NCC on paper," BioResources 17(3), 4607-4622.…”

“…As a result, the bonding between the fibers increased and the strength of the paper increased. The strength of the coated papers PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Rezanezhad et al (2022). "Magnetic NCC on paper," BioResources 17(3), 4607-4622.…”

“…In the derivation, the cellulose structure is modified and the cellulose hydroxyl groups are replaced with other functional groups (Yang et al 2001;Chen et al 2006). These processes PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Rezanezhad et al (2022). "Magnetic NCC on paper," BioResources 17(3), 4607-4622.…”

“…In this study, the NCC was oxidized using TEMPO, and the effect of the oxidation process was evaluated on the NCC. Magnetic bio-nanocomposites were produced based on PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLE bioresources.com Rezanezhad et al (2022). "Magnetic NCC on paper," BioResources 17(3), 4607-4622.…”