The Use of Golden Snail Meal to Enrich Bacillus Thuringiensis Culture Media and Its Effect on the Bacterial Toxicity Against Spodoptera Litura

Abstract

The use of golden snail meal to enrich Bacillus thuringiensis culture media and its effect on the bacterial toxicity against spodoptera litura. Bacillus thuringiensis is an entomopathogenic bacterium producing spore and protein at sporulation. There has been limited research on using golden snail as protein resource to enrich bacterial culture media. This research was aimed at studying bacterial cell/spore production in culture media made from coconut water media and liquid waste of tofu industry (tofu whey) enriched with golden snail meal (GSM), as well as its toxicity against Spodoptera litura. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University, from June to September 2017. The experiment was arranged in a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD) with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the addition of GSM (0, 5, 9, 13 and 17 g) and the second was storage longevity (0, 1, and 2 months). Number of test insect (third instar of S. litura) was 30 larvae per treatment. Parameter observed were spore density, larval mortality, and symptom of infected larvae. The results showed that B. thuringiensis cultured in culture media enriched with 13 g golden snail meal produced the highest spore density, amounted to 14.14 x 107spores/ml and caused larval mortality up to 86.67%. After one and two month storage treatments, the spore density in the cultures reduced to 2.51 x 107 and 1.49 x 107 spores/ml, respectively. There was a tendency of reduction in spore density under longer storage of the culture. Survived larvae developed abnormally, failed to transform to pupa or imago.

Diversity of Soil Inhabiting Arthropods in Intercropping of Chili and Chinese Mustard Green Applied With Bacillus thuringiensis Based Bio-Insecticides and Synthetic Insecticides Treatment

“…This research was conducted from November 2018 until February 2019. Extensive field trials was equal to 4 m x 9 m meters consisted of 6 plots measuring 4.25 m x 1 m. Distance between plots was 0.5m B. thuringiensis-based bio-insecticide was prepared in laboratory, with main media were tofuliquid waste and molasses [10]. Chemical insecticide with active ingredient of Monosulphate was used.…”

Toxicity Bacillus thuringiensis-based Bio Insecticide Enriched with Golden Snail Meat Flour Against Worker and Soldier Castes of Coptotermes Curvignathus (Isoptera: Termitidae)

“…Interaction between the moccurs in which the termite workers also have duty to feed the soldier termites [14]. In their research, [6]reports that the mortality of termite workers can occur first because workers' termites will consume food contaminated by B. thuringiensis, while termite soldiers will experience death in the next day after termite workers provide feed intake.…”

“…Enrichment of B. thuringiensis growth media with the addition of cell growth boosters is quite important. Based on the experience of [6] the addition of golden snail meat flour as much as 10% in growing media, can increase bacterial cell growth and improve its pathogenicity. In addition, the nutritional content of gold snail is high enough consisting of protein and B vitamins, especially vitamin B2, which functions as a calorie enhancer.…”

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Growth and Production in Main Square System Treatment with Liquid Organic Fertilizer of Gold Snails (Pomacea caniculata L.) and Citronella Oil (Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle)

“…Citronella oil is also effective in controlling brown planthoppers (Himawan et al, 2021) and its use is safe against non-target organisms and the environment (Bajpai, 2019;Chaubey, 2019). Gold snail flour can increase the toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis against pests of Spodoptera litura (Pujiastuti et al, 2018). Previous research focused on studying the effect of a single factor from golden snail liquid organic fertilizer and citronella oil but this study aimed to obtain the best interaction between golden snail liquid organic fertilizer and citronella oil in increasing the growth and production of rice with the main square system and its effectiveness in controlling important pests in rice cultivation.…”