The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer

Bennink, Herjan J.T. Coelingh; Verhoeven, Carole; Dutman, Alice E.; Thijssen, J. H. H.

doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.10.010

Cited by 58 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Oral contraceptives (OCs) were developed in the early 1960s comprising predominantly a steroidal estrogenic compound ethinylestradiol (EE), and later, a synthetic 17-beta estradiol (SE2) also was used as an OC component [66]. OCs comprising low doses of synthetic estrogens, apparently worked well in women, however, in certain cases they evoked unforeseeable complications, such as venous thromboembolism, stroke and myocardial infarct suggesting severe clotting disorders [67,68].…”

Section: An 80 Year Period Of Synthetic Estrogen Use In Medical Practmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients

2020

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The presented work summarizes the results of studies underlining the crucial role of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in both innate and adaptive immune responses as well as in tissue repairing processes during respiratory virus infection. Experimental studies justify that among respiratory virus infected mice, a weaker ER signaling leads to increased morbidity and mortality in both males and females. In animal experiments, estrogen treatment silences the inflammatory reactions and decreases virus titers leading to improved survival rate; it seems to be an ideal prevention and therapy against COVID-19. We should overcome the widespread reluctance to estrogen therapy as we have a unique estrogen formula; conjugated estrogens, or conjugated equine estrogens available under the brand name of Premarin deriving from natural sources. Premarin can exert similar ER upregulative and gene repairing power like endogenous estrogen without any risk for adverse reactions. Premarin is capable of stopping the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: An 80 Year Period Of Synthetic Estrogen Use In Medical Practmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients

2020

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“…Similarly, Westerlind et al found statistically significantly higher apoptosis in physically trained rats compared to non-exercised animals (17). Coelingh et al reported an anti-apoptotic effect of estrogens (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Effect of Physical Training on the Levels of Sex Hormones and the Expression of Their Receptors in Rats With Induced Mammary Cancer in Secondary Prevention Model – Preliminary Study

Siewierska

Malicka

Kobierzycki

et al. 2020

In Vivo

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Background/Aim: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide. In previous work, we presented results of physical activity in primary prevention in a model of induced mammary gland cancer. In the present study, we assessed the influence of physical activity on sex hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) and the expression of their receptors (ER, PR), as well as the level of apoptosis of tumor cells in secondary prevention. Materials and Methods: Fifty 1-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats received intraperitoneal injection of 180 mg/kg body weight of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU) for tumor induction. Three months after the administration of MNU, rats were divided into four groups: low-intensity, moderate-intensity, and high-intensity physical training groups (combined as PT) and a sedentary control (SC) group. Physical training was conducted 5 days per week with a threeposition treadmill according to a precisely described protocol. The entire training was completed by 32 rats from which tissue and blood were collected for further analysis. Immunohistochemistry for ER and PR expression, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling method for detection of apoptosis, and enzyme-linked fluorescent assay for detection of plasma hormone levels (estradiol and progesterone) were performed. Statistical analysis used p<0.05 as the significance level. Results: Significantly stronger expression of ER and PR was found in the SC in comparison to the PT group (p=0.035 and p=0.036, respectively). No statistically significant differences were found in estradiol or progesterone concentrations between SC and PT groups. Apoptosis was non-significantly increased in the PT group in comparison with the SC group. Stronger apoptosis in the PT group correlated positively with the level of training intensity (r=0.35, p=0.05). Conclusion: Physical training may reduce ER and PR expression in breast cancer cells, and reduce cell sensitivity to pro-proliferative and antiapoptotic effects of estrogens, ultimately leading to apoptosis. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor among women worldwide (30%), being the second leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States and in Europe (14%) (1). Nearly 20% of women worldwide are diagnosed at 30-49 years of age and over 40% of women aged 65 years or over (2). Estrogens play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Estradiol stimulates cell proliferation and differentiation by estrogen receptor (ER). Many reports indicate the relationship between exposure to estrogens and 495 This article is freely accessible online.

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“…In fact, its role is pivotal in regulating reproduction in humans; for this reason, several oral contraceptives contain the synthetic estrogen ethinylestradiol (Kuhl, 2005;Evans and Sutton, 2015). Moreover, estradiol is also used in therapies to treat prostate and breast cancer (Ali Shah, 2015;Coelingh Bennink et al, 2017). In 2016, more than 13 million prescriptions of estradiol were made allowing for the 59th most prescribed medication in the United States.…”

Section: Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for the Pharmaceutical Field: State of the Art and Perspectives

Antonacci

Scognamiglio

Mazzaracchio

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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The current international pharmaceutical scenario encompasses several steps in drug production, with complex and extremely long procedures. In the last few decades, scientific research has been trying to offer valid and reliable solutions to replace or support conventional techniques, in order to facilitate drug development procedures. These innovative approaches may have extremely positive effects in the production chain, supplying fast, and cost-effective quality as well as safety tests on active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and their excipients. In this context, the exploitation of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePADs) is still in its infancy, but is particularly promising in the detection of APIs and excipients in tablets, capsules, suppositories, and injections, as well as for pharmacokinetic bioanalysis in real samples.

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The use of high-dose estrogens for the treatment of breast cancer

Cited by 58 publications

References 47 publications

Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients

Prevention and therapy of COVID-19 via exogenous estrogen treatment for both male and female patients

Effect of Physical Training on the Levels of Sex Hormones and the Expression of Their Receptors in Rats With Induced Mammary Cancer in Secondary Prevention Model – Preliminary Study

Paper-Based Electrochemical Devices for the Pharmaceutical Field: State of the Art and Perspectives

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