In the field of unpatterned wafer inspection, the biggest market share is dark field defect inspection, in which the signalto-noise ratio limits the detection limit. In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the optical detection method based on the theory of dark-field scattered light. In this paper, the influence of the polarization characteristic of light on the scattering field is studied, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the scattering signal can be improved by controlling the polarization component of light. The results show that modulating the polarized light can achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio.