The Use of High Tunnels to Produce Fruit and Vegetable Crops in North America

Janke, Rhonda R.; Altamimi, May Elfar; Khan, Mumtaz

doi:10.4236/as.2017.87052

Cited by 29 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…A high tunnel is an unheated greenhouse covered with plastic or acrylic glass (plexiglass) with partial ventilation on the sides, and it is a relatively new production system among small-scale farmers in the Midwest. High-tunnel production systems protect crops against biotic and abiotic stresses, extend the growing season, and improve fruit quality and yield (99). Details about the high-tunnel design and management used in our experiments are provided by Meyer (53).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstocks Shape the Rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities in the Grafted Tomato System

Poudel

Jumpponen

Kennelly

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Root-associated microbes are critical to plant health and performance, although understanding of the factors that structure these microbial communities and the theory to predict microbial assemblages are still limited. Here, we use a grafted tomato system to study the effects of rootstock genotypes and grafting in endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes that were evaluated by sequencing 16S rRNA. We compared the microbiomes of nongrafted tomato cultivar BHN589, selfgrafted BHN589, and BHN589 grafted to Maxifort or RST-04-106 hybrid rootstocks. Operational taxonomic unit (OTU)-based bacterial diversity was greater in Maxifort compared to the nongrafted control, whereas bacterial diversity in the controls (selfgrafted and nongrafted) and the other rootstock (RST-04-106) was similar. Grafting itself did not affect bacterial diversity; diversity in the self-graft was similar to that of the nongraft. Bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the endosphere for all treatments. However, despite the lower overall diversity, there was a greater number of differentially abundant OTUs (DAOTUs) in the endosphere, with the greatest number of DAOTUs associated with Maxifort. In a permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA), there was evidence for an effect of rootstock genotype on bacterial communities. The endosphere-rhizosphere compartment and study site explained a high percentage of the differences among bacterial communities. Further analyses identified OTUs responsive to rootstock genotypes in both the endosphere and rhizosphere. Our findings highlight the effects of rootstocks on bacterial diversity and composition. The influence of rootstock and plant compartment on microbial communities indicates opportunities for the development of designer communities and microbiome-based breeding to improve future crop production. IMPORTANCE Understanding factors that control microbial communities is essential for designing and supporting microbiome-based agriculture. In this study, we used a grafted tomato system to study the effect of rootstock genotypes and grafting on bacterial communities colonizing the endosphere and rhizosphere. To compare the bacterial communities in control treatments (nongrafted and self-grafted plants) with the hybrid rootstocks used by farmers, we evaluated the effect of rootstocks on overall bacterial diversity and composition. These findings indicate the potential for using plant genotype to indirectly select bacterial taxa. In addition, we identify taxa responsive to each rootstock treatment, which may represent candidate taxa useful for biocontrol and in biofertilizers.Citation Poudel R, Jumpponen A, Kennelly MM, Rivard CL, Gomez-Montano L, Garrett KA. 2019. Rootstocks shape the rhizobiome: rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities in the grafted tomato system. Appl Environ Microbiol 85:e01765-18. https://

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstocks Shape the Rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities in the Grafted Tomato System

Poudel

Jumpponen

Kennelly

et al. 2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…So far, several plastic materials have been commonly covered on the high tunnel including greenhouse-grade polyethylene (PE), polycarbonate (PC), and polypropylene (PP) either with single layer or double layers [11]. Films used for the covers range from 80-220 m thick and up to 20 m wide [27].…”

Section: High Tunnel Cultivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High tunnel cultivation, for example, is commonly used in the Midwest region of the U.S. to extend growing season and increase crop yields. Previously, extensive studies have been focused on the effect of high tunnel on the yield, biomass, starch, amino acids, protein, and vitamins of vegetables and fruits [6][7][8][9][10][11]. The impact of light on yield, total carbon, nitrogen, fiber, and minerals of vegetables and fruits has also been studied [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits to Environmental Factors

et al. 2019

EJNFS

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This review focused on the influence of environmental systems and/or factors including high tunnel, UV and visible light, fertilization, and irrigation on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits. Most studies reported that high tunnel reduced chicoric acid and luteolin in vegetables including lettuce and pac choi, and fruits including raspberry and tomato versus open field, although a few studies demonstrated that high tunnel did not significantly impact on the bioactive compounds. Light including UV such as photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A, and UV-B, and visible light especially red and blue light, significantly stimulated biosynthesis of anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolics, and promoted their contents in vegetables such as onion and spinach, and fruits for example blueberry and strawberry. The effect of fertilization including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on bioactive phytochemicals (carotenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols) in vegetables (broccoli, kale) or fruits (tomato) varied among the cultivars. Water deficit usually increased anthocyanins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids in vegetables such as lettuce and red beet, and fruits including grape and pomegranate. Taken together, the bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits in response to environmental factors were species- and varieties- dependent. The negative effect of environmental factors on bioactive compounds in vegetables and fruits can be overcome by selecting appropriate cultivars, while the positive effect can be further manipulated in horticultural production for potential consumer’s health benefits.

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“…A high tunnel is an unheated greenhouse, covered with plastic or acrylic glass 183 (plexiglass) with partial ventilation on the sides, and is a relatively new production system 184 among small-scale farmers in the Midwest. High-tunnel production systems protect crops against 185 biotic and abiotic stresses, extend the growing season, and improve fruit quality and yield (58). 186…”

Section: Tomato Grafting and High Tunnel Production 174mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rootstocks shape the rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities in the grafted tomato system

Poudel

Jumpponen

Kennelly

et al. 2018

Preprint

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20Root-associated microbes are critical to plant health and performance, although understanding of 21 the factors that structure these microbial communities and theory to predict microbial 22 assemblages are still limited. Here we use a grafted tomato system to study the effects of 23 rootstock genotypes and grafting in endosphere and rhizosphere microbiomes that were 24 evaluated by sequencing 16S rRNA. We compared the microbiomes of nongrafted tomato 25 cultivar BHN589, selfgrafted BHN589, and BHN589 grafted to Maxifort or RST-04-106 hybrid 26 rootstocks. OTU-based bacterial diversity was greater in Maxifort compared to nongraft controls, 27 whereas bacterial diversity in the controls (selfgraft and nongraft) and the other rootstock (RST-28 04-106) was similar. Grafting itself did not affect bacterial diversity; diversity in the selfgraft 29 was similar to the nongraft. Bacterial diversity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the 30 endosphere for all treatments. However, despite the lower overall diversity, there was a greater 31 number of differentially abundant OTUs (DAOTUs) in the endosphere, with the greatest number 32 of DAOTUs associated with Maxifort. In a PERMANOVA analysis, there was evidence for an 33 effect of rootstock genotype on bacterial communities. The endosphere-rhizosphere compartment 34 and study site explained a high percentage of the differences among bacterial communities. 35Further analyses identified OTUs responsive to rootstock genotypes in both the endosphere and 36 the rhizosphere. Our findings highlight the effects of rootstocks on bacterial diversity and 37 composition. The influence of rootstock and plant compartment on microbial communities 38

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The Use of High Tunnels to Produce Fruit and Vegetable Crops in North America

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

Rootstocks Shape the Rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities in the Grafted Tomato System

Rootstocks Shape the Rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and Endosphere Bacterial Communities in the Grafted Tomato System

Response of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Vegetables and Fruits to Environmental Factors

Rootstocks shape the rhizobiome: Rhizosphere and endosphere bacterial communities in the grafted tomato system

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