The Use of Infrared Methods to Study Polymer Interfaces

Culler, S. R.; Ishida, Hatsuo; Koenig, Jack L.

doi:10.1146/annurev.ms.13.080183.002051

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Before collection ofa spectrum, each sample was purged for 10 min with dry air to reduce the concentration of atmospheric water vapor inside the sample compartment. After spectra collection, the spectra were converted to Kubelka-Munk units (Culler et al, 1983) and the spectra collection repeated 5 times on new samples for each silane concentration.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Orientation of Silane at the Surface of Colloidal Silica

Söderholm

Shang²

1993

J Dent Res

186

111

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The objective of this study was to investigate the silica-silane bond formation present at the filler interface of dental composites. Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy was used, and the spectra of pyrogenic silica (Cab-O-Sil) treated with different concentrations of gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) were analyzed. The outcome of the study suggested that the gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) molecules oriented parallel to the colloidal silica surface (Cab-O-Sil) and formed two types of bonds. One of these bonds was a siloxane bridge formed by a condensation reaction between the silanol groups of both the silica surface and the hydrolyzed silane. Water formed during this reaction and soon became recaptured by the silanol groups of the silica surface. These water molecules were not available for additional hydrolyzation reactions of the unhydrolyzed silane under the experimental conditions. The intensity of the isolated OH-groups decreased because of this reaction. Simultaneous with the condensation reaction, the carbonyl group of the MPS molecule formed hydrogen bonds. This hydrogen bond formation resulted in a peak shift of the carbonyl band from 1718-1720 cm-1 to 1700-1702 cm-1. This hydrogen bond formation also occurred with the isolated OH-groups. After consumption of the isolated OH-groups, no additional surface reaction occurred because no further OH-groups were available for additional condensation reactions or hydrogen bond formation. The findings suggest that the amount of silane needed for filler treatment depends on the number of isolated OH-groups available on the filler surface.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Orientation of Silane at the Surface of Colloidal Silica

Söderholm

Shang²

1993

J Dent Res

186

111

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“…The stress transfer between the polymer matrix and the load bearing reinforcement takes place across the interphase and hence the interphase is critical for composite performance. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy has been used to substantiate the existence of an interphase region where the chemical composition varies from that of the bulk polymer matrix (Cossins et al, 1996;Lourie et al, 1997;Culler et al, 1983). Micro-mechanical techniques have provided additional evidence of an interphase and have begun to elucidate the impact the interphase and interface adhesion have on the composites' overall mechanical properties (Williams et al, 1990;Meurs et al, 1996;Winter and Houston, 1998a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoindentation of polymeric thin films with an interfacial force microscope

WANG

2004

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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“…such as DRIFT to the analysis of silanes and sizings coated onto E-glass plates and fibres [80][81][82][83][84]. Chiang et al [85] studied the structure of APTES in aqueous solution and on heat cleaned E-glass fibres using FTIR spectroscopy.…”

Section: Koenig and Ishida Have Reported Extensively On The Application Of Infrared Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the analysis and characterisation of polymeric glass fibre sizings

Thomason

2020

Polymer Testing

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Glass fibre reinforcements form the backbone of a composites industry. Possibly the most critical component involved in the manufacture of glass fibres and their composites is the fibre sizing. Yet because of the intense level of secrecy surrounding size formulations there are few who have more than a superficial understanding of sizings. Composite developers and researchers have a growing need for practical tools which can assist with the understanding of the nature and role of sizings on the glass fibres which reinforce their composites. This work reviews some of the most relevant articles from the widely dispersed literature around the analysis and characterisation of these polymeric sizings. The review covers the analysis and characterisation of the polymeric sizing layer on the glass fibre surface using high vacuum surface analysis techniques, thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy based techniques, surface energy analysis, infrared methods, and combined multiple analysis techniques. The conclusions highlight the fragmented nature of the knowledge base on sizings and the lack of reliable and reproducible reference materials on which to build real progress in the understanding of this critical technology.

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The Use of Infrared Methods to Study Polymer Interfaces

Cited by 38 publications

References 13 publications

Molecular Orientation of Silane at the Surface of Colloidal Silica

Molecular Orientation of Silane at the Surface of Colloidal Silica

Nanoindentation of polymeric thin films with an interfacial force microscope

A review of the analysis and characterisation of polymeric glass fibre sizings

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