The Use of Injections for Treating Childhood Diseases: Determinants and Consequences for Preventive Health Care in Developing Countries

Fosu, Gabriel B.

doi:10.1080/00380237.1992.10570989

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 36 publications

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“…In Ghana, the relationship between maternal education and health-seeking behaviour is no different. An investigation into the use of injection in treating childhood diseases reported limited interest in participating in immunisation programmes, partly due to mothers’ low educational status, informing their fear of a possible link between injections and subsequent paralysis [ 36 ]. Subsequent studies showed that high maternal education had a positive association with the successful completion of immunisation programmes [ 34 , 38 , 44 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Factors Influencing Child Health in Ghana

et al. 2016

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ObjectivesSocial factors have profound effects on health. Children are especially vulnerable to social influences, particularly in their early years. Adverse social exposures in childhood can lead to chronic disorders later in life. Here, we sought to identify and evaluate the impact of social factors on child health in Ghana. As Ghana is unlikely to achieve the Millennium Development Goals’ target of reducing child mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015, we deemed it necessary to identify social determinants that might have contributed to the non-realisation of this goal.MethodsScienceDirect, PubMed, MEDLINE via EBSCO and Google Scholar were searched for published articles reporting on the influence of social factors on child health in Ghana. After screening the 98 articles identified, 34 of them that met our inclusion criteria were selected for qualitative review.ResultsMajor social factors influencing child health in the country include maternal education, rural-urban disparities (place of residence), family income (wealth/poverty) and high dependency (multiparousity). These factors are associated with child mortality, nutritional status of children, completion of immunisation programmes, health-seeking behaviour and hygiene practices.ConclusionsSeveral social factors influence child health outcomes in Ghana. Developing more effective responses to these social determinants would require sustainable efforts from all stakeholders including the Government, healthcare providers and families. We recommend the development of interventions that would support families through direct social support initiatives aimed at alleviating poverty and inequality, and indirect approaches targeted at eliminating the dependence of poor health outcomes on social factors. Importantly, the expansion of quality free education interventions to improve would-be-mother’s health knowledge is emphasised.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Factors Influencing Child Health in Ghana

et al. 2016

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Key determinants of AIDS impact in Southern sub-Saharan Africa

Shandera¹

2007

African Journal of AIDS Research

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To investigate why Southern sub-Saharan Africa is more severely impacted by HIV and AIDS than other parts of sub-Saharan Africa, I conducted a review of the literature that assessed viral, host and transmission (societal) factors. This narrative review evaluates: 1) viral factors, in particular the aggregation of subtype-C HIV infections in Southern sub-Saharan Africa; 2) host factors, including unique behaviour patterns, concomitant high prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases, circumcision patterns, average age at first marriage and immunogenetic determinants; and, 3) transmission and societal factors, including levels of poverty, degrees of literacy, migrations of people, extent of political corruption, and the usage of contaminated injecting needles in community settings. HIV prevalence data and published indices on wealth, fertility, and governmental corruption were correlated using statistical software. The high prevalence of HIV in Southern sub-Saharan Africa is not explained by the unusual prevalence of subtype-C HIV infection. Many host factors contribute to HIV prevalence, including frequency of genital ulcerating sexually transmitted infections, absence of circumcision (compiled odds ratios suggest a protective effect of between 40% and 60% from circumcision), and immunogenetic loci, but no factor alone explains the high prevalence of HIV in the region. Among transmission and societal factors, the wealthiest, most literate and most educated, but also the most income-disparate, nations of sub-Saharan Africa show the highest HIV prevalence. HIV prevalence is also highest within societies experiencing significant migration and conflict as well as in those with government systems experiencing a high degree of corruption. The interactions between poverty and HIV transmission are complex. Epidemiologic studies currently do not suggest a strong role for the community usage of contaminated injecting needles. Areas meriting additional study include clade type, host immunogenetic determinants, the complex interrelationship of HIV with poverty, and the community usage of contaminated injecting needles.

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The Use of Injections for Treating Childhood Diseases: Determinants and Consequences for Preventive Health Care in Developing Countries

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Social Factors Influencing Child Health in Ghana

Social Factors Influencing Child Health in Ghana

Key determinants of AIDS impact in Southern sub-Saharan Africa

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